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features ? 2-kbyte rom, 256 4-bit ram 12 bi-directional i/os up to 6 external/internal interrupt sources multifunction timer/counter with ? ir remote control carrier generator ? bi-phase-, manchester- and pulse-width modulator and demodulator programmable system clock with prescaler and five different clock sources wide supply-voltage range (1.8 v to 6.5 v) very low sleep current (< 1 a) 32 16-bit eeprom (atar890 only) synchronous serial interface (2-wire, 3-wire) watchdog, por and brown-out function voltage monitoring inclusive lo_bat detection flash controller atam893 available (sso20) description the atar090 and atar890 are members of atmel?s family of 4-bit single-chip micro- controllers. they offer the highest integration for ir and rf data communication and remote-control. the atar090 and atar890 are suitable for the transmitter side. they contain rom, ram, parallel i/o ports, two 8-bit programmable multifunction timer/counters with modulator and demodulator function, voltage supervisor, interval timer with watchdog function and a sophisticated on-chip clock generation with exter- nal clock input, integrated rc-, 32-khz crystal- and 4-mhz crystal-oscillators. the atar890 has an additional eeprom as a second chip in one package. figure 1. block diagram voltage monitor external input marc4 utcm osc1 i/o bus rom ram 4-bit cpu core 256 x 4 bit v dd v ss data direction + alternate function data direction + interrupt control port 4 port 5 brown-out protect reset clock management timer 1 watchdog timer timer 2 serial interface port 2 data direction t2o sd sc bp20/nte bp21 bp22 bp23 bp40 int3 sc bp41 vmi t2i bp42 t2o bp43 int3 sd bp50 int6 bp51 int6 bp52 int1 bp53 int1 rc oscillators crystal oscillators 2 k x 8 bit vmi with modulator ssi external clock input interval- and 8/12-bit timer t2i osc2 low-current microcontroller for wireless communication atar090 atar890 rev. 4696d?4bmcu?12/04
2 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 pin configuration figure 2. pinning sso20 pin description name type function alternate function pin no. reset state vdd ? supply voltage ? 1 na vss ? circuit ground ? 20 na nc ? not connected ? 10 ? nc ? not connected ? 11 ? bp20 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 2.0 nte ? test mode enable, see section ?master reset? 13 input bp21 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 2.1 ? 14 input bp22 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 2.2 ? 15 input bp23 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 2.3 ? 16 input bp40 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 4.0 sc serial clock or int3 external interrupt input 2 input bp41 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 4.1 vmi voltage monitor input or t2i external clock input timer 2 17 input bp42 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 4.2 t2o timer 2 output 18 input bp43 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 4.3 sd serial data i/o or int3-external interrupt input 19 input bp50 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 5.0 int6 external interrupt input 6 input bp51 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 5.1 int6 external interrupt input 5 input bp52 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 5.2 int1 external interrupt input 4 input bp53 i/o bi-directional i/o line of port 5.3 int1 external interrupt input 3 input nc ? not connected ? 9 ? nc ? not connected ? 12 ? osc1 i oscillator input 4-mhz crystal input or 32-khz crystal input or external clock input or external trimming resistor input 7 input osc2 o oscillator output 4-mhz crystal output or 32-khz crystal output or external clock input 8na vdd bp40/int3/sc bp53/int1 bp52/int1 bp51/int6 bp50/int6 osc1 osc2 nc nc vss bp43/int3/sd bp42/t2o bp41/vmi/t2i bp23 bp22 bp21 bp20/nte nc nc 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
3 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 introduction the atar090/atar890 are members of atmel?s family of 4-bit single-chip microcon- trollers. they contain rom, ram, parallel i/o ports, one 8-bit programmable multi- function timer/counters, voltage supervisor, interval timer with watchdog function and a sophisticated on-chip clock generation with integrated rc-, 32-khz crystal- and 4-mhz crystal oscillators. table 2 provides an overview of the available variants. marc4 architecture general description the marc4 microcontroller consists of an advanced stack-based, 4-bit cpu core and on-chip peripherals. the cpu is based on the harvard architecture with physically separate program memory (rom) and data memory (ram). three independent buses, the instruction bus, the memory bus and the i/o bus, are used for parallel communica- tion between rom, ram and peripherals. this enhances program execution speed by allowing both instruction prefetching, and a simultaneous communication to the on-chip peripheral circuitry. the extremely powerful integrated interrupt controller with associ- ated eight prioritized interrupt levels supports fast and efficient processing of hardware events. the marc4 is designed for the high-level programming language qforth. the core includes both an expression and a return stack. this architecture enables high-level language programming without any loss of efficiency or code density. figure 3. marc4 core table 1. available variants of ataxx9x version type rom e2prom peripheral packages flash device atam893 4-kbyte eeprom 64 byte sso20 production atar090 2-kbyte mask rom ? sso20 production atar890 2-kbyte mask rom 64 byte sso20 instruction decoder ccr tos alu ram rp x y program 256 x 4-bit marc4 core clock reset sleep memory bus i/o bus instruction bus reset system clock interrupt controller on-chip peripheral modules memory sp pc
4 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 components of marc4 core the core contains rom, ram, alu, program counter, ram address registers, instruc- tion decoder and interrupt controller. the following sections describe each functional block in more detail. rom the program memory (rom) is mask programmed with the customer application pro- gram during fabrication of the microcontroller. the 2 kbyte rom size is addressed by a 12-bit wide program counter. an additional 1 kbyte of rom exists which is reserved for quality control self-test software the lowest user rom address segment is taken up by a 512-byte zero page which contains predefined start addresses for interrupt service routines and special subroutines accessible with single byte instructions (scall). the corresponding memory map is shown in figure 4 look-up tables of constants can also be held in rom and are accessed via the marc4?s built-in table instruction. figure 4. rom map ram the atar090 and atar890 contain 256 x 4-bit wide static random access memory (ram). it is used for the expression stack, the return stack and data memory for vari- ables and arrays. the ram is addressed by any of the four 8-bit wide ram address registers sp, rp, x and y. expression stack the 4-bit wide expression stack is addressed with the expression stack pointer (sp). all arithmetic, i/o and memory reference operations take their operands from, and return their results to the expression stack. the marc4 performs the operations with the top of stack items (tos and tos-1). the tos register contains the top element of the expres- sion stack and works in the same way as an accumulator. this stack is also used for passing parameters between subroutines and as a scratch pad area for temporary stor- age of data. return stack the 12-bit wide return stack is addressed by the return stack pointer (rp). it is used for storing return addresses of subroutines, interrupt routines and for keeping loop index counts. the return stack can also be used as a temporary storage area. the marc4 instruction set supports the exchange of data between the top elements of the expression stack and the return stack. the two stacks within the ram have a user definable location and maximum depth. rom (2 k x 8 bit) zero page 7ffh 1ffh 000h 1f0h 1f8h 010h 018h 000h 008h 020h 1e8h 1e0h scall addresses 140h 180h 040h 0c0h 008h $aut o sl e e p $reset int0 int1 int2 int3 int4 int5 int6 int7 1e0h 1c0h 100h 080h zero page 000h
5 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 5. ram map registers the marc4 controller has seven programmable registers and one condition code regis- ter. they are shown in the following programming model (see figure 6). program counter (pc) the program counter is a 12-bit register which contains the address of the next instruc- tion to be fetched from rom. instructions currently being executed are decoded in the instruction decoder to determine the internal micro-operations. for linear code (no calls or branches) the program counter is incremented with every instruction cycle. if a branch-, call-, return-instruction or an interrupt is executed, the program counter is loaded with a new address. the program counter is also used with the table instruction to fetch 8-bit wide rom constants. figure 6. programming model ram fch 00h autosleep ffh 03h 04h x y sp rp tos-1 expression stack return stack global variables ram address register: 07h (256 x 4-bit) global variables 4-bit tos tos-1 tos-2 30 sp expression stack return stack 0 11 12-bit rp v tos ccr 0 3 0 3 0 7 0 7 0 7 0 11 rp sp x y pc -- b i program counter return stack pointer expression stack pointer ram address register (x) ram address register (y) top of stack register condition code register carry/borrow branch interrupt enable reserved 0 7 c 0 0
6 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 ram address registers the ram is addressed with the four 8-bit wide ram address registers: sp, rp, x and y. these registers allow access to any of the 256 ram nibbles. expression stack pointer (sp) the stack pointer contains the address of the next-to-top 4-bit item (tos-1) of the expression stack. the pointer is automatically pre-incremented if a nibble is moved onto the stack or post-decremented if a nibble is removed from the stack. every post-decre- ment operation moves the item (tos-1) to the tos register before the sp is decremented. after a reset the stack pointer has to be initialized with >sp s0 to allocate the start address of the expression stack area. return stack pointer (rp) the return stack pointer points to the top element of the 12-bit wide return stack. the pointer automatically pre-increments if an element is moved onto the stack, or it post- decrements if an element is removed from the stack. the return stack pointer incre- ments and decrements in steps of 4. this means that every time a 12-bit element is stacked, a 4-bit ram location is left unwritten. this location is used by the qforth compiler to allocate 4-bit variables. after a reset the return stack pointer has to be initial- ized via >rp fch. ram address registers (x and y) the x and y registers are used to address any 4-bit item in ram. a fetch operation moves the addressed nibble onto the tos. a store operation moves the tos to the addressed ram location. by using either the pre-increment or post-decrement address- ing modes arrays in the ram can be compared, filled or moved top of stack (tos) the top of stack register is the accumulator of the marc4. all arithmetic/logic, memory reference and i/o operations use this register. the tos register receives data from the alu, rom, ram or i/o bus. condition code register (ccr) the 4-bit wide condition code r egister contains the branch, the carry and the interrupt enable flag. these bits indicate the current state of the cpu. the ccr flags are set or reset by alu operations. the instructions set_bcf, tog_bf, ccr! and di allow direct manipulation of the condition code register. carry/borrow (c) the carry/borrow flag indicates that the borrowing or carrying out of the arithmetic logic unit (alu) occurred during the last arithmetic operation. during shift and rotate opera- tions, this bit is used as a fifth bit. boolean operations have no affect on the c-flag. branch (b) the branch flag controls the conditional program branching. should the branch flag have been set by a previous instruction, a conditional branch will cause a jump. this flag is affected by arithmetic, logic, shift, and rotate operations. interrupt enable (i) the interrupt enable flag globally enables or disables the triggering of all interrupt rou- tines with the exception of the non-maskable reset. after a reset or while executing the di instruction, the interrupt enable flag is reset, thus disabling all interrupts. the core will not accept any further interrupt requests until the interrupt enable flag has been set again by either executing an ei or sleep instruction. alu the 4-bit alu performs all the arithmetic, logical, shift and rotate operations with the top two elements of the expression stack (tos and tos-1) and returns the result to the tos. the alu operations affect the carry/borrow and branch flag in the condition code register (ccr).
7 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 7. alu zero-address operations i/o bus the i/o ports and the registers of the peripheral modules are i/o mapped. all communi- cation between the core and the on-chip peripherals takes place via the i/o bus and the associated i/o control. with the marc4 in and out instructions the i/o bus allows a direct read or write access to one of the 16 primary i/o addresses. more about the i/o access to the on-chip peripherals is described in the section ?peripheral modules?. the i/o bus is internal and is not accessible by the customer on the final microcontroller device, but it is used as the interfac e for the marc4 emulation (see section ?emulation?). instruction set the marc4 instruction set is optimized for the high level programming language qforth. many marc4 instructions are qforth words. this enables the compiler to generate a fast and compact program code. the cpu has an instruction pipeline allow- ing the controller to prefetch an instruction from rom at the same time as the present instruction is being executed. the marc4 is a zero-address machine, the instructions contain only the operation to be performed and no source or destination address fields. the operations are implicitly performed on the data placed on the stack. there are one and two byte instructions which are execut ed within 1 to 4 machine cycles. a marc4 machine cycle is made up of two system clock cycles (syscl). most of the instructions are only one byte long and are executed in a single machine cycle. for more information refer to the ?marc4 programmer?s guide?. interrupt structure the marc4 can handle interrupts with eight different priority levels. they can be gener- ated from the internal and external interrupt sources or by a software interrupt from the cpu itself. each interrupt level has a hard-wired priority and an associated vector for the service routine in the rom (see table 1 on page 3). the programmer can postpone the processing of interrupts by resetting the interrupt enable flag (i) in the ccr. an interrupt occurrence will still be registered, but the inte rrupt routine only starts after the i flag is set. all interrupts can be masked, and the priority individually software configured by programming the appropriate control register of the interrupting module (see section ?peripheral modules?). interrupt processing in order to be able to process eight interrupt levels, the marc4 contains an interrupt controller with two 8-bit wide interrupt pending and interrupt active registers. the inter- rupt controller samples all interrupt requests during every non-i/o instruction cycle and latches these in the interrupt pending register. if no higher priority interrupt is present in the interrupt active register, it signals the cpu to interrupt the current program execu- tion. if the interrupt enable bit is set, t he processor enters an interrupt acknowledge cycle. during this cycle a short call (scall) instruction to the service routine is exe- cuted and the current pc is saved on the return stack. tos-1 ccr ram tos-2 sp tos-3 tos alu tos-4
8 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 an interrupt service routine is completed with the rti instruction. this instruction resets the corresponding bits in the interrupt pending/active register and fetches the return address from the return stack to the program counter. when the interrupt enable flag is reset (triggering of interrupt routines are disabled), the execution of new interrupt ser- vice routines is inhibited but not the logging of the interrupt requests in the interrupt pending register. the execution of the interrupt is delayed until the interrupt enable flag is set again. note that interrupts are only lost if an interrupt request occurs while the cor- responding bit in the pending register is still set (i.e., the interrupt service routine is not yet finished). interrupt latency the interrupt latency is the time from the occurrence of the interrupt to the interrupt ser- vice routine being activated. in marc4 this is extremely short (taking between 3 to 5 machine cycles depending on the state of the core). figure 8. interrupt handling 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 int5 active int7 active int2 pending swi0 int2 active int0 pending int0 active int2 rti rti int5 int3 active int3 rti rti rti int7 time main/ autosleep main/ autosleep rti priority level
9 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 software interrupts the programmer can generate interrupts by using the software interrupt instruction (swi) which is supported in qforth by predefined macros named swi0...swi7. the software triggered interrupt operates exactly like any hardware triggered interrupt. the swi instruction takes the top two elements from the expression stack and writes the cor- responding bits via the i/o bus to the interrupt pending register. therefore, by using the swi instruction, interrupts can be re-prioritized or lower priority processes scheduled for later execution. hardware interrupts in the atar090, there are eleven hardware interrupt sources with seven different lev- els. each source can be masked individually by mask bits in the corresponding control registers. an overview of the possible hardware configurations is shown in table 3. master reset the master reset forces the cpu into a well-defined condition. it is unmaskable and is activated independent of the current program stat e. it can be triggered by either initial supply power-up, a short collapse of the power supply, the brown-out detection circuitry, a watchdog time-out, or an external input clock supervisor stage (see figure 9). a master reset activation will reset the interrupt enable flag, the interrupt pending regis- ter and the interrupt active register. during the power-on reset phase the i/o bus control signals are set to reset mode thereby initializing all on-chip peripherals. all bi-directional ports are set to input mode. table 2. interrupt priority table interrupt priority rom address interrupt opcode function int0 lowest 040h c8h (scall 040h) software interrupt (swi0) int1 | 080h d0h (scall 080h) external hardware interrupt, any edge at bp52 or bp53 int2 | 0c0h d8h (scall 0c0h) timer 1 interrupt int3 | 100h e8h (scall 100h) ssi interrupt or external hardware interrupt at bp40 or bp43 int4 | 140h e8h (scall 140h) timer 2 interrupt int5 | 180h f0h (scall 180h) software interrupt (sw15) int6 1c0h f8h (scall 1c0h) external hardware interrupt, at any edge at bp50 or bp51 int7 highest 1e0h fch (scall 1e0h) voltage monitor (vm) interrupt table 3. hardware interrupts interrupt interrupt mask interrupt source register bit int1 p5cr p52m1, p52m2 p53m1, p53m2 any edge at bp52 any edge at bp53 int2 t1m t1im timer 1 int3 sisc sim ssi buffer full/empty or bp40/bp43 interrupt int4 t2cm t2im timer 2 compare match/overflow int6 p5cr p50m1, p50m2 p51m1, p51m2 any edge at bp50 any edge at bp51 int7 vcm vim external/internal voltage monitoring
10 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 attention: during any reset phase, the bp20/nte input is driven towards v dd by an additional internal strong pull-up transistor. this pin must not be pulled down to v ss dur- ing reset by any external circuitry representing a resistor of less than 150 k ? . releasing the reset results in a short call instruction (opcode c1h) to the rom address 008h. this activates the initialization routine $reset which in turn has to initialize all necessary ram variables, stack pointers and peripheral configuration registers. figure 9. reset configuration power-on reset and brown-out detection the atar090/atar890 have a fully integrated power-on reset and brown-out detection circuitry. for reset generation no external components are needed. these circuits ensure that the core is held in the reset state until the minimum operating supply voltage has been reached. a reset condition will also be generated should the supply voltage drop momentarily below the minimum operating level except when a power down mode is activated (the core is in sleep mode and the peripheral clock is stopped). in this power-down mode the brown-out detection is disabled. two values for the brown-out voltage threshold are programmable via the bot bit in the sc register. a power-on reset pulse is generated by a v dd rise across the default bot voltage level (1.7 v). a brown-out reset pulse is generated when v dd falls below the brown-out volt- age threshold. two values for the brown-out voltage threshold are programmable via the bot bit in the sc register. when the controller runs in the upper supply voltage range with a high system clock frequency, the high threshold must be used. when it runs with a lower system clock frequency, the low threshold and a wider supply voltage range may be chosen. for further details, see the electrical specification and the sc register description for bot programming. reset timer v dd cl power-on reset internal reset res cl = syscl/4 brown-out detection watch- dog cwd res ext. clock supervisor exin pull-up nrst v dd v ss v dd v ss
11 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 10. brown-out detection note: bot = 1, low brown-out voltage threshold 1.7 v (is reset value). bot = 0, high brown-out voltage threshold 2.0 v. watchdog reset the watchdog?s function can be enabled at the wdc-register and triggers a reset with every watchdog counter overflow. to s uppress the watchdog reset, the watchdog counter must be regularly reset by reading the watchdog register address (cwd). the cpu reacts in exactly the same manner as a reset stimulus from any of the above sources. external clock supervisor the external input clock supervisor function can be enabled if the external input clock is selected within the cm- and sc registers of the clock module. the cpu reacts in exactly the same manner as a reset stimulus from any of the above sources. voltage monitor the voltage monitor consists of a comparator with internal voltage reference. it is used to supervise the supply voltage or an external voltage at the vmi-pin. the comparator for the supply voltage has three internal programmable thresholds: one lower threshold (2.2 v), one middle threshold (2.6 v). and one higher threshold (3.0 v). for external volt- ages at the vmi-pin, the comparator threshold is set to v bg = 1.3 v. the vms-bit indicates if the supervised voltage is below (vms = 0) or above (vms = 1) this thresh- old. an interrupt can be generated when the vms-bit is set or reset to detect a rising or falling slope. a voltage monitor interrupt (int7) is enabled when the interrupt mask bit (vim) is reset in the vmc-register. v dd cpu reset t bot = 1 2.0 v 1.7 v cpu reset bot = 0 t d t d = 1.5 ms (typically) t d t d
12 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 11. voltage monitor voltage monitor control/ status register vm2: v oltage monitor m ode bit 2 vm1: v oltage monitor m ode bit 1 vm0: v oltage monitor m ode bit 0 v dd vm2 voltage monitor vm1 vm0 vim vms - - res out in bp41/ vmi int7 vmc vmst primary register address: ?f?hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 vmc: write vm2 vm1 vm0 vim reset value: 1111b vmst: read ? ? reserved vms reset value: xx11b table 4. voltage monitor modes vm2 vm1 vm0 function 1 1 1 disable voltage monitor 110 external (vim input), internal reference threshold (1.3 v), interrupt with negative slope 1 0 1 not allowed 100 external (vmi input), internal reference threshold (1.3 v), interrupt with positive slope 011 internal (supply voltage), high threshold (3.0 v), interrupt with negative slope 010 internal (supply voltage), middle threshold (2.6 v), interrupt with negative slope 001 internal (supply voltage), low threshold (2.2 v), interrupt with negative slope 0 0 0 not allowed
13 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 vim v oltage i nterrupt m ask bit vim = 0, voltage monitor interrupt is enabled vim = 1, voltage monitor interrupt is disabled vms v oltage m onitor s tatus bit vms = 0, the voltage at the comparator input is below v ref vms = 1, the voltage at the comparator input is above v ref figure 12. internal supply voltage supervisor figure 13. external input voltage supervisor clock generation clock module the atar090/atar890 contains a clock module with 4 different internal oscillator types: two rc-oscillators, one 4-mhz crystal oscillator and one 32-khz crystal oscillator. the pins osc1 and osc2 are the interface to connect a crystal either to the 4-mhz, or to the 32-khz crystal oscillator. osc1 can be used as input for external clocks or to con- nect an external trimming resistor for the rc-oscillator 2. all necessary circuitry except the crystal and the trimming resistor is integrated on-chip. one of these oscillator types or an external input clock can be selected to generate the system clock (syscl). in applications that do not requi re exact timing, it is possible to use the fully integrated rc-oscillator 1 without any external components. the rc-oscillator 1 center frequency tolerance is better than 50%. the rc-oscillator 2 is a trimmable oscillator whereby the oscillator frequency can be trimmed with an external resistor attached between osc1 and v dd . in this configuration, the rc-oscillator 2 frequency can be maintained stable with a tolerance of 15% over the full operating temperature and voltage range. v dd low threshold middle threshold high threshold vms = 1 low threshold middle threshold high threshold vms = 0 3.0 v 2.6 v 2.2 v 1.3 v vmi vms = 1 vms = 0 positive slope negative slope vms = 1 vms = 0 interrupt negative slope interrupt positive slope internal reference level t
14 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 the clock module is programmable via software with the clock management register (cm) and the system configuration register (sc). the required oscillator configuration can be selected with the os1-bit and the os0-bit in the sc register. a programmable 4-bit divider stage allows the adjustment of the system clock speed. a special feature of clock management is that an external oscillator may be used and switched on and off via a port pin for the power-down mode. before the external clock is switched off, the internal rc-oscillator 1 must be selected with the ccs-bit and then the sleep mode may be activated. in this state an interrupt can wake up the controller with the rc-oscil- lator, and the external oscillator can be activated and selected by software. a synchronization stage avoids cl ock periods that are too short if the clock source or the clock speed is changed. if an external input clock is selected, a supervisor circuit moni- tors the external input and generates a hardware reset if the external clock source fails or drops below 500 khz for more than 1 ms. figure 14. clock module the clock module generates two output cloc ks. one is the system clock (syscl) and the other the periphery (subcl). the syscl can supply the core and the peripherals and the subcl can supply only the peripherals with clocks. the modes for clock sources are programmable with the os1 bit and os0 bit in the sc register and the ccs bit in the cm register. ext. clock exin exout stop rc oscillator2 rcout2 stop r trim 4-mhz oscillator 4out stop oscin oscout oscin oscout 32-khz oscillator 32out oscin oscout rc oscillator 1 rcout1 control stop in1 in2 cin /2 /2 /2 /2 divider sleep wdl osc-stop nstop ccs css1 css0 cm bot - - - os1 os0 subcl syscl sc osc1 osc2 cin/16 32 khz table 5. clock modes mode os1 os0 clock source for syscl clock source for subcl ccs = 1 ccs = 0 1 1 1 rc-oscillator 1 (internal) external input clock c in /16 2 0 1 rc-oscillator 1 (internal) rc-oscillator 2 with external trimming resistor c in /16 3 1 0 rc-oscillator 1 (internal) 4-mhz oscillator c in /16 4 0 0 rc-oscillator 1 (internal) 32-khz oscillator 32 khz
15 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 oscillator circuits and external clock input stage the atar090/atar890 series consists of four different internal oscillators: two rc-oscillators, one 4-mhz crystal oscillator, one 32-khz crystal oscillator and one exter- nal clock input stage. rc-oscillator 1 fully integrated for timing insensitive applications, it is possible to use the fully integrated rc-oscillator 1. it operates without any external components and saves additional costs. the rc-oscillator 1 center frequency tolerance is better than 50% over the full temperature and voltage range. the basic cent er frequency of the rc-oscillator 1 is f 0 3.8 mhz. the rc oscillator 1 is selected by default after power-on reset. figure 15. rc-oscillator 1 external input clock the osc1 or osc2 (mask option) can be driven by an external clock source provided it meets the specified duty cycle, rise and fall times and input levels. additionally the exter- nal clock stage contains a supervisory circuit for the input clock. the supervisor function is controlled via the os1, os0-bit in the sc register and the ccs-bit in the cm-register. if the external input clock is missing for more than 1 ms and ccs = 0 is set in the cm- register, the supervisory circuit generates a hardware reset. the input clock has failed if the frequency is less than 500 khz for more than 1 ms. figure 16. external input clock rc-oscillator 1 rcout1 stop control rcout1 osc-stop table 6. supervisor function control bits os1 os0 ccs supervisor reset output (res) 110 enable 111 disable x 0 x disable ext. input clock exout stop ext. clock rcout1 osc-stop exin ccs res osc1 osc2 clock monitor ext. clock or
16 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 rc-oscillator 2 with external trimming resistor the rc-oscillator 2 is a high resolution tri mmable oscillator whereby the oscillator fre- quency can be trimmed with an external resistor between osc1 and v dd . in this configuration, the rc-oscillator 2 frequency can be maintained stable with a tolerance of 10% over the full operating temperature and a voltage range of v dd from 2.5 v to 6.0 v. for example: an output frequency at the rc-oscillator 2 of 2 mhz can be obtained by connecting a resistor r ext = 360 k ? (see figure 17). figure 17. rc-oscillator 2 4-mhz oscillator the atar090/atar890 4-mhz oscillator options need a crystal or ceramic resonator connected to the osc1 and osc2 pins to establish oscillation. all the necessary oscilla- tor circuitry is integrated, except the actual crystal, resonator, c 1 and c 2 . figure 18. 4-mhz crystal oscillator note: both, the 4-mhz and the 32-khz crystal oscillator, use an integrated 14 stage divider cir- cuit to stabilize oscillation before the oscillator output is used as system clock. this results in an additional delay of about 4 ms for the 4-mhz crystal and about 500 ms for the 32-khz crystal. rc-oscillator 2 rcout2 stop rcout2 osc-stop r trim osc1 osc2 r ext v dd 4-mhz oscillator 4out stop 4out osc-stop osc1 osc2 oscin oscout xtal c 1 c 2 4 mhz
17 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 19. ceramic resonator note: both, the 4-mhz and the 32-khz crystal oscillator, use an integrated 14 stage divider cir- cuit to stabilize oscillation before the oscillator output is used as system clock. this results in an additional delay of about 4 ms for the 4-mhz crystal and about 500 ms for the 32-khz crystal. 32-khz oscillator some applications require long-term time keeping or low resolution timing. in this case, an on-chip, low power 32-khz crystal oscillator can be used to generate both the subcl and the syscl. in this mode, power consumption is greatly reduced. the 32-khz crystal oscillator can not be stopped while the power-down mode is in operation. figure 20. 32-khz crystal oscillator note: both, the 4-mhz and the 32-khz crystal oscillator, use an integrated 14 stage divider cir- cuit to stabilize oscillation before the oscillator output is used as system clock. this results in an additional delay of about 4 ms for the 4-mhz crystal and about 500 ms for the 32-khz crystal. clock management the clock management register controls t he system clock divider and synchronization stage. writing to this register triggers the synchronization cycle. 4-mhz oscillator 4out stop 4out osc-stop osc1 osc2 oscin oscout cer. res c 1 c 2 4 mhz 32-khz oscillator 32out stop 32out osc1 osc2 oscin oscout xtal c 1 c 2 32 khz
18 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 clock management register (cm) system configuration register (sc) note: if the bit ccs = 0 in the cm-register the rc-oscillator 1 always stops. auxiliary register address: '3'hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 cm nstop ccs css1 css0 reset value: 1111b nstop n ot stop peripheral clock nstop = 0, stops the peripheral clock while the core is in sleep mode nstop = 1, enables the peripheral clock while the core is in sleep mode ccs c ore c lock s elect ccs = 1, the internal rc-oscillator 1 generates syscl ccs = 0, the 4-mhz crystal oscillator, the 32-khz crystal oscillator, an external clock source or the rc-oscillator 2 with the external resistor at osc1 generates syscl dependent on the setting of os0 and os1 in the system configuration register css1 c ore s peed s elect 1 css0 c ore s peed s elect 0 table 7. core speed select css1 css0 divider note 0016 1 1 8 reset value 104 012 primary register address: ?3?hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 sc: write bot ? os1 os0 reset value: 1x11b bot b rown- o ut t hreshold bot = 1, low brown-out voltage threshold (1.7 v) bot = 0, high brown-out voltage threshold (2.0 v) os1 o scillator s elect 1 os0 o scillator s elect 0 table 8. oscillator select mode os1 os0 input for subcl selected oscillators 111 c in /16 rc-oscillator 1 and external input clock 201 c in /16 rc-oscillator 1 and rc-oscillator 2 310 c in /16 rc-oscillator 1 and 4-mhz crystal oscillator 400 32 khz rc-oscillator 1 and 32-khz crystal oscillator
19 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 power-down modes the sleep mode is a shut-down condition whic h is used to reduce the average system power consumption in applications where the microcontroller is not fully utilized. in this mode, the system clock is stopped. the sleep mode is entered via the sleep instruc- tion. this instruction sets the interrupt enable bit (i) in the condition code register to enable all interrupts and stops the core. during the sleep mode the peripheral modules remain active and are able to generate interrupts. the microcontroller exits the sleep mode by carrying out any interrupt or a reset. the sleep mode can only be maintained while none of the interrupt pending or active register bits are set. the application of the $autosleep routine ensures the correct function of the sleep mode. for standard applications use the $autosleep routine to enter the power-down mode. using the sleep instruction instead of the $autosleep following an i/o instruction requires the insertion of 3 non i/o instruction cycles (for example nop nop nop) between the in or out command and the sleep command. the total power consumption is directly proportional to the active time of the microcon- troller. for a rough estimate of the expected average system current consumption, the following formula should be used: i total (v dd ,f syscl ) = i sleep + (i dd t active /t total ) i dd depends on v dd and f syscl the atar090/atar890 has various power-down modes. during the sleep mode the clock for the marc4 core is stopped. with the nstop-bit in the clock management reg- ister (cm) it is programmable if the clock for the on-chip peripherals is active or stopped during the sleep mode. if the clock for the core and the peripherals is stopped the selected oscillator is switched off. an exception is the 32-khz oscillator, if it is selected it runs continuously independent of the nstop-bit. if the oscillator is stopped or the 32-khz oscillator is selected, power consumption is extremely low. table 9. power-down modes mode cpu core osc- stop (1) brown-out function rc-oscillator 1 rc-oscillator 2 4-mhz oscillator 32-khz oscillator external input clock active run no active run run yes power-down sleep no active run run yes sleep sleep yes stop stop run stop note: 1. osc-stop = sleep and nstop and wdl
20 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 peripheral modules addressing peripherals accessing the peripheral modules takes place via the i/o bus (see figure 21). the in or out instructions allow direct addressing of up to 16 i/o modules. a dual register addressing scheme has been adopted to enable direct addressing of the primary regis- ter. to address the auxiliary register, t he access must be switched with an auxiliary switching module. thus a single in (or out) to the module address will read (or write into) the module?s primary register. accessing the auxiliary register is performed with the same instruction preceded by writing the module address into the auxiliary switching module. byte wide registers are accessed by multiple in (or out) instructions. for more complex peripheral modules, with a larger number of registers, extended addressing is used. in this case a bank of up to 16 subport registers are indirectly addressed with the subport address. the first out-instruction writes the subport address to the sub-address register, the second in or out instruction reads data from or writes data to the addressed subport. figure 21. example of i/o addressing subaddress reg. subport fh i/o bus aux. reg. bank of primary regs. primary reg. (address pointer) auxiliary switch module indirect subport access to other modules 1 2 (subport register write) 3 4 5 1 2 3 6 6 4 5 example of qforth program code 1 2 4 5 3 6 addr. (asw) = auxililiary switch module address 1 2 2 1 2 2 4 5 5 (auxiliary register write) module asw module m1 module m2 module m3 subport eh primary reg. primary reg. subport 1 subport 0 dual register access single register access addr. (sport) addr. (m1) out sport_data addr. (m1) out (subport register read) addr. (sport) addr. (m1) out addr. (m1) in (subport register write byte) addr. (sport) addr. (m1) out sport_data (lo) addr. (m1) out sport_data (hi) addr. (m1) out (subport register read byte) addr. (sport) addr. (m1) out addr. (m1) in (hi) addr. (m1) in (lo) (primary register write) prim._data addr. (m2) out addr. (m2) addr. (asw) out aux._data addr. (m2) out (primary register read) addr. (m2) in (auxiliary register read ) addr. (m2) addr. (asw) out addr. (m2) in (auxiliary register write byte) addr. (m2) addr. (asw) out aux._data (lo) addr. (m2) out aux._data (hi) addr. (m2) out (primary register write) prim._data addr. (m3) out (primary register read) addr. (m3) in addr. (mx) = module mx address addr. (sport) = subport address prim._data = data to be written into primary register aux._data = data to be written into auxiliary register aux._data (lo) = data to be written into auxiliary register (low nibble) aux._data (hi) = data to be written into auxiliary register (high nibble) sport_data (lo) = data to be written into subport (low nibble) sport_data (hi) = data to be written into subport (high nibble) (lo) = sport_data (low nibble) (hi) = sport_data (high nibble)
21 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 table 10. peripheral addresses port address name write/ read reset value register function module type see page 1???reserved 2 p2dat w/r 1111b port 2 - data register/pin data m2 23 auxiliary p2cr w 1111b port 2 - control register 23 3 sc w 1x11b system configuration register m3 18 cwd r xxxxb watchdog reset m3 11 auxiliary cm w 1111b clock management register m2 18 4 p4dat w/r 1111b port 4 - data register/pin data m2 26 auxiliary p4cr w 1111 1111b port 4 - control register (byte) 26 5 p5dat w/r 1111b port 5 - data register/pin data m2 25 auxiliary p5cr w 1111 1111b port 5 - control register (byte) 25 6???reserved 7 t12sub w ? data to timer 1/2 subport m1 20 subport address 0 t2c w 0000b timer 2 control register m1 37 1 t2m1 w 1111b timer 2 mode register 1 m1 37 2 t2m2 w 1111b timer 2 mode register 2 m1 39 3 t2cm w 0000b timer 2 compare mode register m1 40 4 t2co1 w 1111b timer 2 compare register 1 m1 40 5 t2co2 w 1111 1111b timer 2 compare register 2 (byte) m1 40 6???reserved 7???reserved 8 t1c1 w 1111b timer 1 control register 1 m1 29 9 t1c2 w x111b timer 1 control register 2 m1 29 a wdc w 1111b watchdog control register m1 30 b-f reserved 8 asw w 1111b auxiliary/switch register asw 20 9 stb w xxxx xxxxb serial transmit buffer (byte) m2 51 srb r xxxx xxxxb serial receive buffer (byte) 51 auxiliary sic1 w 1111b serial interface control register 1 49 a sisc w/r 1x11b serial interface status/control register m2 50 auxiliary sic2 w 1111b serial interface control register 2 49 b ? ? reserved c ? ? reserved d ? ? reserved e ? ? reserved f vmc w 1111b voltage monitor control register m3 12 vmst r xx11b voltage monitor status register m3 12
22 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 bi-directional ports ports (2, 4, 5) are 4 bits wide. all ports may be used for data input or output. all ports are equipped with schmitt trigger inputs and a variety of mask options for open drain, open source, full complementary outputs, pull up and pull down transistors. all port data reg- isters (pxdat) are i/o mapped to the primary address register of the respective port address and the port control register (pxcr), to the corresponding auxiliary register. there are three different directional ports available: port 2 4-bit wide bitwise programmable i/o port. port 5 4-bit wide bitwise programmable bi-directional port with optional strong pull-ups and programmable interrupt logic. port 4 4-bit wide bitwise programmable bi-directional port also provides the i/o interface to timer 2, ssi, voltage monitor input and external interrupt input. bi-directional port 2 as all other bi-directional ports, this port includes a bitwise programmable control reg- ister (p2cr), which enables the individual programming of each port bit as input or output. it also opens up the possibility of reading the pin condition when in output mode. this is a useful feature for self-testing and for serial bus applications. port 2, however, has an increased drive capability and an additional low resistance pull-up/-down transistor mask option. note: care should be taken connecting external components to bp20/nte. during any reset phase, the bp20/nte input is driven towards v dd by an additional internal strong pull-up transistor. this pin must not be pulled down (active or passive) to v ss during reset by any external circuitry representing a resistor of less than 150 k ? . this prevents the circuit from unintended switching to test mode enable through the application circuitry at pin bp20/nte. resistors less than 150 k ? might lead to an undefined state of the internal test logic thus disabling the application firmware. to avoid any conflict with the optional internal pull-down transistors, bp20 handles the pull-down options in a different way than all other ports. bp20 is the only port that switches off the pull-down transistors during reset. figure 22. bi-directional port 2 master reset q q bp2y (1) mask options p2daty p2cry i/o bus d i/o bus i/o bus switched pull-up static pull-up (data out) (direction) s d (1) s static pull-down switched pull-down v dd v dd (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
23 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 port 2 data register (p2dat) bit 3 = msb, bit 0 = lsb port 2 control register (p2cr) value 1111b means all pins in input mode bi-directional port 5 as all other bi-directional ports, this port includes a bitwise programmable control reg- ister (p5cr), which allows individual programming of each port bit as input or output. it also opens up the possibility of reading the pin condition when in output mode. this is a useful feature for self testing and for serial bus applications. the port pins can also be used as exter nal interrupt inputs (see figure 23 on page 24 and figure 24 on page 24). the interrupts (int1 and int6) can be masked or indepen- dently configured to trigger on either edge. the interrupt configuration and port direction is controlled by the port 5 control register (p5cr). an additional low resistance pull- up/-down transistor mask option provides an internal bus pull-up for serial bus applications. the port 5 data register (p5dat) is i/o mapped to the primary address register of address ?5?h and the port 5 control register (p5cr) to the corresponding auxiliary register. the p5cr is a byte-wide register and is configured by writing first the low nib- ble and then the high nibble (see section ?addressing peripherals?). primary register address: '2'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 p2dat p2dat3 p2dat2 p2dat1 p2dat0 reset value: 1111b auxiliary register address: '2'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 p2cr p2cr3 p2cr2 p2cr1 p2cr0 reset value: 1111b table 11. port 2 control register code 3 2 1 0 function x x x 1 bp20 in input mode x x x 0 bp20 in output mode x x 1 x bp21 in input mode x x 0 x bp21 in output mode x 1 x x bp22 in input mode x 0 x x bp22 in output mode 1 x x x bp23 in input mode 0 x x x bp23 in output mode
24 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 23. bi-directional port 5 figure 24. port 5 external interrupts master reset q v dd bp5y (1) mask options p5daty i/o bus d in enable i/o bus (1) switched pull-up switched pull-down static pull-up (data out) s static pull-down v dd v dd (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) bidir. port data in in_enable bp53 p53m2 p53m1 p52m2 p52m1 p51m2 p51m1 p50m2 p50m1 decoder decoder decoder decoder bidir. port data in in_enable bp52 i/o-bus bidir. port data in in_enable bp51 i/o-bus bidir. port data in in_enable bp50 int1 int6 p5cr
25 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 port 5 data register (p5dat) port 5 control register (p5cr) byte write p5xm2, p5xm1 ? port 5x interrupt mode/direction code bi-directional port 4 the bi-directional port 4 is a bitwise configurable i/o port and provides the external pins for the timer 2, ssi and the voltage monitor input (vmi). as a normal port, it performs in exactly the same way as bi-directional port 2 (see figure 26 on page 27). two addi- tional multiplexes allow data and port direction control to be passed over to other internal modules (timer 2, vm or ssi). the i/o-pins for the sc and sd lines have an additional mode to generate an ssi-interrupt. all four port 4 pins can be individually switched by the p4cr-register. figure 26 on page 27 shows the internal interfaces to bi-directional port 4. primary register address: '5'hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 p5dat p5dat3 p5dat2 p5dat1 p5dat0 reset value: 1111b auxiliary register address: '5'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 p5cr first write cycle p51m2 p51m1 p50m2 p50m1 reset value: 1111b bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 second write cycle p53m2 p53m1 p52m2 p52m1 reset value: 1111b table 12. port 5 control register auxiliary address: '5'hex first write cycle second write cycle code 3 2 1 0 function code 3 2 1 0 function x x 1 1 bp50 in input mode ? interrupt disabled x x 1 1 bp52 in input mode ? interrupt disabled x x 0 1 bp50 in input mode ? rising edge interrupt x x 0 1 bp52 in input mode ? rising edge interrupt x x 1 0 bp50 in input mode ? falling edge interrupt x x 1 0 bp52 in input mode ? falling edge interrupt x x 0 0 bp50 in output mode ? interrupt disabled x x 0 0 bp52 in output mode ? interrupt disabled 1 1 x x bp51 in input mode ? interrupt disabled 1 1 x x bp53 in input mode ? interrupt disabled 0 1 x x bp51 in input mode ? rising edge interrupt 0 1 x x bp53 in input mode ? rising edge interrupt 1 0 x x bp51 in input mode ? falling edge interrupt 1 0 x x bp53 in input mode ? falling edge interrupt 0 0 x x bp51 in output mode ? interrupt disabled 0 0 x x bp53 in output mode ? interrupt disabled
26 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 25. bi-directional port 4 and port 6 port 4 data register (p4dat) port 4 control register (p4cr) byte write p4xm2, p4xm1 ? port 4x interrupt mode/direction code master reset q v dd bpxy (1) mask options pxdaty i/o bus d i/o bus i/o bus switched pull-up switched pull-down s pxcry s q d pxmry pout (direction) pdir intx (1) pin static pull-up static pull-down v dd v dd (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) primary register address: '4'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 p4dat p4dat3 p4dat2 p4dat1 p4dat0 reset value: 1111b auxiliary register address: '4'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 p4cr first write cycle p41m2 p41m1 p40m2 p40m1 reset value: 1111b bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 second write cycle p43m2 p43m1 p42m2 p42m1 reset value: 1111b table 13. port 4 control register auxiliary address: '4'hex first write cycle second write cycle code 3 2 1 0 function code 3 2 1 0 function x x 1 1 bp40 in input mode x x 1 1 bp42 in input mode x x 1 0 bp40 in output mode x x 1 0 bp42 in output mode x x 0 1 bp40 enable alternate function (sc for ssi) x x 0 x bp42 enable alternate function (t2o for timer 2) x x 0 0 bp40 enable alternate function (falling edge interrupt input for int3) 1 1 x x bp43 in input mode 1 1 x x bp41 in input mode 1 0 x x bp43 in output mode 1 0 x x bp41 in output mode 0 1 x x bp43 enable alternate function (sd for ssi) 0 1 x x bp41 enable alternate function (vmi for voltage monitor input) 0 0 x x bp43 enable alternate function (falling edge interrupt input for int3) 0 0 x x bp41 enable alternate function (t2i external clock input for timer 2) ??
27 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 universal timer/counter/ communication module (utcm) the universal timer/counter/communication m odule (utcm) consists of three timers (timer 1,timer 2) and a synchronous serial interface (ssi). timer 1 is an interval timer that can be used to generate periodical interrupts and as prescaler for timer 2, the serial interface and the watchdog function. timer 2 is an 8/12-bit timer with an external clock input (t2i) and an output (t2o). the ssi operates as a two-wire serial interface or as shift register for modulation and demodulation. the modulator units work together with the timers and shift the data bits into or out of the shift register. there is a multitude of modes in which the timers and the serial interface can work together. figure 26. utcm block diagram timer 1 timer 1 is an interval timer which can be used to generate periodic interrupts and as a prescaler for timer 2, the serial interface and the watchdog function. timer 1 consists of a programmable 14-stage divider that is driven by either subcl or syscl. the timer output signal can be used as a prescaler clock or as subcl and as a a source for the timer 1 interrupt. because of other system requirements timer 1 output t1out is synchronized with syscl. therefore, in the power-down mode sleep (cpu core -> sleep and osc-stop -> yes), the output t1out is stopped (t1out = 0). never- theless, timer 1 can be active in sleep and generate timer 1 interrupts. the interrupt is maskable via the t1im bit and the subc l can be bypassed via the t1bp bit of the t1c2 register. the time interval for the timer output can be programmed via the timer 1 control register t1c1. this timer starts running automatically a fter any power-on reset! if the watchdog func- tion is not activated, the timer can be restarted by writing into the t1c1 register with t1rm = 1. mux watchdog interval/prescaler timer 1 modu- lator 2 4-bit counter 2/1 compare 2/1 mux mux dcg 8-bit counter 2/2 compare 2/2 control timer 2 mux 8-bit shift-register receive-buffer transmit-buffer control ssi scl int4 int2 nrst int3 pout tog2 t1out subcl syscl from clock module t2i t2o sc sd i/o bus
28 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 1 can also be used as a watchdog timer to prevent a system from stalling. the watchdog timer is a 3-bit counter that is supplied by a separate output of timer 1. it gen- erates a system reset when the 3-bit counter overflows. to avoid this, the 3-bit counter must be reset before it overflows. the application software has to accomplish this by reading the cwd register. after power-on reset the watchdog must be activated by software in the $reset initial- ization routine. there are two watchdog modes, in one mode the watchdog can be switched on and off by software, in the ot her mode the watchdog is active and locked. this mode can only be stopped by carrying out a system reset. the watchdog timer operation mode and the time interval for the watchdog reset can be programmed via the watchdog control register (wdc). figure 27. timer 1 module figure 28. timer 1 and watchdog 14-bit prescaler cl1 4-bit watchdog mux wdcl t1im t1bp t1mux nrst int2 t1out t1cs syscl subcl q5 q1 q2 q3 q4 q6 q8 q8 q11 q11 q14 q14 res cl decoder watchdog mode control mux for interval timer decoder mux for watchdog timer t1rm t1c2 t1c1 t1c0 3 2 wdl wdr wdt1 wdt0 wdc res t1mux subcl t1bp t1im t1im=0 t1im=1 int2 t1out t1c2 reset (nrst) watchdog divider/8 divider reset t1c1 write of the t1c1 register cl1 wdcl read of the cwd register
29 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 1 control register 1 (t1c1) bit 3 = msb, bit 0 = lsb the three bits t1c[2:0] select the divider for timer 1. the resulting time interval depends on this divider and the timer 1 input clock source. the timer input can be sup- plied by the system clock, the 32-khz oscillator or via clock management. if the clock management generates the subcl, the sele cted input clock from the rc-oscillator, 4-mhz oscillator or an external clock is divided by 16. timer 1 control register 2 (t1c2) bit 3 = msb, bit 0 = lsb address: '7'hex - subaddress: '8'hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 t1c1 t1rm t1c2 t1c1 t1c0 reset value: 1111b t1rm t imer 1 r estart m ode t1rm = 0, write access without timer 1 restart t1rm = 1, write access with timer 1 restart note: if wdl = 0, timer 1 restart is impossible t1c2 t imer 1 c ontrol bit 2 t1c1 t imer 1 c ontrol bit 1 t1c0 t imer 1 c ontrol bit 0 table 14. timer 1 control bits t1c2 t1c1 t1c0 divider time interval with subcl time interval with subcl = 32 khz time interval with syscl = 2/1 mhz 0 0 0 2 subcl/2 61 s 1 s/2 s 0 0 1 4 subcl/4 122 s 2 s/4 s 0 1 0 8 subcl/8 244 s 4 s/8 s 0 1 1 16 subcl/16 488 s 8 s/16 s 1 0 0 32 subcl/32 0.977 ms 16 s/32 s 1 0 1 256 subcl/256 7.812 ms 128 s/256 s 1 1 0 2048 subcl/2048 62.5 ms 1024 s/2048 s 1 1 1 16384 subcl/16384 500 ms 8192 s/16384 s address: ?7?hex - subaddress: ?9?hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 t1c2 ? t1bp t1cs t1im reset value: x111b t1bp t imer 1 subcl b y p assed t1bp = 1, tiout = t1mux t1bp = 0, t1out = subcl t1cs t imer 1 input c lock s elect t1cs = 1, cl1 = subcl (see figure 28 on page 28) t1cs = 0, cl1 = syscl (see figure 28 on page 28) t1im t imer 1 i nterrupt m ask t1im = 1, disables timer 1 interrupt t1im = 0, enables timer 1 interrupt
30 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 watchdog control register (wdc) bit 3 = msb, bit 0 = lsb both these bits control the time interval for the watchdog reset timer 2 timer 2 is an 8-/12-bit timer used for: interrupt, square-wave, pulse and duty cycle generation baud-rate generation for the internal shift register manchester and bi-phase modulation together with the ssi carrier frequency generation and modulation together with the ssi timer 2 can be used as interval timer for interrupt generation, as signal generator or as baud-rate generator and modulator for the serial interface. it consists of a 4-bit and an 8-bit up counter stage which both have compar e registers. the 4-bit counter stages of timer 2 are cascadable as 12-bit timer or as 8-bit timer with 4-bit prescaler. the timer can also be configured as 8-bit timer and separate 4-bit prescaler. the timer 2 input can be supplied via the syst em clock, the external input clock (t2i), the timer 1 output clock, the shift clock of the serial interface. the external input clock t2i is not synchronized with syscl. therefore, it is possible to use timer 2 with a higher clock speed than syscl. furthermore with that input clock timer 2 operates in the power-down mode sleep (cpu core -> sleep and osc-stop -> yes) as well as in the power-down (cpu core -> sleep and osc-stop -> no). all other clock sources supply no clock signal in sleep if nstop = 0. the 4-bit counter stages of timer 2 have an additional clock output (pout). address: ?7?hex - subaddress: ?a?hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 wdc wdl wdr wdt1 wdt0 reset value: 1111b wdl w atch d og l ock mode wdl = 1, the watchdog can be enabled and disabled by using the wdr-bit wdl = 0, the watchdog is enabled and locked. in this mode the wdr-bit has no effect. after the wdl-bit is cleared, the watchdog is active until a system reset or power-on reset occurs. wdr w atch d og r un and stop mode wdr = 1, the watchdog is stopped/disabled wdr = 0, the watchdog is active/enabled wdt1 w atch d og t ime 1 wdt0 w atch d og t ime 0 table 15. watchdog time control bits wdt1 wdt0 divider delay time to reset with t in = 1/32 khz delay time to reset with t in = 1/(2/1 mhz) 0 0 512 15.625 ms 0.256 ms/0.512 ms 0 1 2048 62.5 ms 1.024 ms/2.048 ms 1 0 16384 0.5 s 8.2 ms/16.4 ms 1 1 131072 4 s 65.5 ms/131 ms
31 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 its output has a modulator stage that allows the generation of pulses as well as the gen- eration and modulation of carrier frequencies. timer 2 output can modulate with the shift register data output to generate bi-phase- or manchester code. if the serial interface is used to modulate a bit-stream, the 4-bit stage of timer 2 has a special task. the shift register can only handle bit-stream lengths divisible by 8. for other lengths, the 4-bit counter stage can be used to stop the modulator after the right bit-count is shifted out. if the timer is used for carrier frequency modulation, the 4-bit stage works together with an additional 2-bit duty cycle generator like a 6-bit prescaler to generate carrier fre- quency and duty cycle. the 8-bit counter is used to enable and disable the modulator output for a programmable count of pulses. the timer has a 4-bit and an 8-bit compare regi ster for programming the time interval. for programming the timer function, it has four mode and control registers. the compar- ator output of stage 2 is controlled by a special compare mode register (t2cm). this register contains mask bits for the actions (counter reset, output toggle, timer interrupt) which can be triggered by a compare match ev ent or the counter overflow. this archi- tecture enables the timer to function for various modes. the timer 2 has a 4-bit compare register (t2co1) and an 8-bit compare register (t2co2). both these compare registers are cascadable as a 12-bit compare register, or 8-bit compare register and 4-bit compare register. figure 29. timer 2 for 12-bit compare data value: m = x + 1 0 x 4095 for 8-bit compare data value: n = y + 1 0 y 255 for 4-bit compare data value: l = z + 1 0 z 15 4-bit counter 2/1 res ovf1 compare 2/1 t2co1 cm1 pout ssi pout cl2/2 dcg t2m1 p4cr 8-bit counter 2/2 res ovf2 compare 2/2 t2co2 t2cm control tog2 int4 bi-phase manchester modulator output mout m2 to modulator 3 t2o timer 2 modulator output-stage t2m2 so control ssi ssi i/o-bus t2c cl2/1 t2i syscl t1out scl i/o-bus dcgo
32 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 2 modes mode 1: 12-bit compare counter the 4-bit stage and the 8-bit stage work together as a 12-bit compare counter. a com- pare match signal of the 4-bit and the 8-bit stage generates the signal for the counter reset, toggle flip-flop or interrupt. the compare action is programmable via the compare mode register (t2cm). the 4-bit counter overflow (ovf1) supplies the clock output (pout) with clocks. the duty cycle generator (dcg) has to be bypassed in this mode. figure 30. 12-bit compare counter mode 2: 8-bit compare counter with 4-bit programmable prescaler the 4-bit stage is used as a programmable prescaler for the 8-bit counter stage. in this mode, a duty cycle stage is also available. this stage can be used as an additional 2-bit prescaler or for generating duty cycles of 25%, 33% and 50%. the 4-bit compare output (cm1) supplies the clock output (pout) with clocks. figure 31. 8-bit compare counter mode 3/4: 8-bit compare counter and 4-bit programmable prescaler in these modes the 4-bit and the 8-bit c ounter stages work independently as a 4-bit prescaler and an 8-bit timer with a 2-bit prescaler or as a duty cycle generator. only in mode 3 and mode 4 can the 8-bit counter be supplied via the external clock input (t2i) which is selected via the p4cr register. the 4-bit prescaler is started by activating mode 3 and stopped and reset in mode 4. changing mode 3 and 4 has no effect for the 8-bit timer stage. the 4-bit stage can be used as a prescaler for the ssi or to generate the stop signal for modulator 2. 4-bit counter 4-bit compare res 4-bit register cm1 pout (cl2/1 /16) 8-bit counter 8-bit compare 8-bit register ovf2 cm2 res t2rm t2otm timer 2 output mode and t2otm-bit t2im t2ctm tog2 int4 cl2/1 dcg t2d1, 0 4-bit counter 4-bit compare res 4-bit register cm1 pout 8-bit counter 8-bit compare 8-bit register ovf2 cm2 res t2rm t2otm timer 2 output mode and t2otm-bit t2im t2ctm tog2 int4 cl2/1 dcg t2d1, 0 dcgo
33 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 32. 4-/8-bit compare counter timer 2 output modes the signal at the timer output is generated via modulator 2. in the toggle mode, the com- pare match event toggles the output t2o. for high resolution duty cycle modulation 8 bits or 12 bits can be used to toggle the output. in the duty cycle burst modulator modes the dcg output is connected to t2o and switched on and off either by the toggle flipflop output or the serial data line of the ssi. modulator 2 also has 2 modes to output the con- tent of the serial interface as bi-phase or manchester code. the modulator output stage can be configured by the output control bits in the t2m2 register. the modulator is started with the start of the shift register (sir = 0) and stopped either by carrying out a shift register stop (sir = 1) or compare match event of stage 1 (cm1) of timer 2. for this task, timer 2 mode 3 must be used and the prescaler has to be supplied with the internal shift clock (scl). figure 33. timer 2 modulator output stage 4-bit counter 4-bit compare res 4-bit register 8-bit counter 8-bit compare 8-bit register ovf2 cm2 res t2rm t2otm timer 2 output mode and t2otm-bit t2im t2ctm tog2 int4 cl2/2 dcg t2d1, 0 dcgo p41m2, 1 p4cr cm1 pout cl2/1 mux t1out syscl scl t2cs1, 0 syscl t2i toggle res/set bi-phase/ manchester modulator t2top t2os2, 1, 0 t2m2 t2o m2 m2 s1 s2 s3 re fe omsk ssi control tog2 so dcgo
34 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 2 output signals timer 2 output mode 1 toggle mode a: a timer 2 compare match toggles the output flip-flop (m2) -> t2o figure 34. interrupt timer/square wave generator ? output toggles with each edge compare match event toggle mode b: a timer 2 compare match toggles the output flip-flop (m2) -> t2o figure 35. pulse generator ? timer output toggles with the timer start if the t2ts-bit is set toggle mode c : a timer 2 compare match toggles the output flip-flop (m2) -> t2o figure 36. pulse generator ? timer toggles with timer overflow and compare match 4 000123 4 0123 4 0123 01 input counter 2 t2r counter 2 cmx int4 t2o 4 000123 567 4 0123 56 input counter 2 t2r counter 2 cmx int4 t2o toggle by start t2o 4095/ 255 4 000123 567 4 0123 56 input counter 2 t2r counter 2 cmx ovf2 int4 t2o 4095/ 255
35 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 2 output mode 2 duty cycle burst generator 1: the dcg output signal (dcgo) is given to the output, and gated by the output flip-flop (m2). figure 37. carrier frequency burst modulation with timer 2 toggle flip-flop output timer 2 output mode 3 duty cycle burst generator 2: the dcg output signal (dcgo) is given to the output, and gated by the ssi internal data output (so). figure 38. carrier frequency burst modulation with the ssi data output timer 2 output mode 4 bi-phase modulator: timer 2 modulates the ssi internal data output (so) to bi-phase code. figure 39. bi-phase modulation 1 2012012345012012345678012345678910012345 dcgo counter 2 tog2 m2 t2o counter = compare register (= 2) 1 201201201201201201201201201201201201201 dcgo counter 2 tog2 so t2o counter = compare register (= 2) bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 10 bit 11 bit 12 bit 13 tog2 sc so t2o 000 0 0011 0101 11 1 1 8-bit sr data bit 7 bit 0 data: 00110101
36 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 2 output mode 5 manchester modulator: timer 2 modulates the ssi internal data output (so) to manchester code. figure 40. manchester modulation timer 2 output mode 7 pwm mode: pulse-width modulation output on timer 2 output pin (t2o). in this mode the timer overflow defines the period and the compare register defines the duty cycle. during one period only the first compare match occurrence is used to toggle the timer output flip-flop, until overflow occurs all further compare match are ignored. this avoids the situation that changing the compare register causes the occurrence of several compare match during one period. the resolution at the pulse-width modulation timer 2 mode 1 is 12-bit and all other timer 2 modes are 8-bit. figure 41. pwm modulation tog2 sc so t2o 00 0 0011 0101 11 1 1 8-bit sr data bit 7 bit 0 0 bit 7 bit 0 data: 00110101 0 0 50 255 100 0 255 0 150 255 0 50 255 0 100 t2r input clock counter 2/2 counter 2/2 ovf2 cm2 int4 t2o load the next compare value t2co2 = 150 load load t1 t2 t3 t1 t2 tt t t t
37 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 2 registers timer 2 has 6 control registers to configure the timer mode, the time interval, the input clock and its output function. all registers are indirectly addressed using extended addressing as described in section ?addressing peripherals?. the alternate functions of the ports bp41 or bp42 must be selected with the port 4 control register p4cr, if one of the timer 2 modes require an input at t2i/bp41 or an output at t2o/bp42. timer 2 control register (t2c) timer 2 mode register 1 (t2m1) address: '7'hex - subaddress: '0'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 t2c t2cs1 t2cs0 t2ts t2r reset value: 0000b t2cs1 t imer 2 c lock s elect bit 1 t2cs0 t imer 2 c lock s elect bit 0 table 16. timer 2 clock select bits t2cs1 t2cs0 input clock (cl 2/1) of counter stage 2/1 0 0 system clock (syscl) 0 1 output signal of timer 1 (t1out) 1 0 internal shift clock of ssi (scl) 11reserved t2ts t imer 2 t oggle with s tart t2ts = 0, the output flip-flop of timer 2 is not toggled with the timer start t2ts = 1, the output flip-flop of timer 2 is toggled when the timer is started with t2r t2r t imer 2 r un t2r = 0, timer 2 stop and reset t2r = 1, timer 2 run address: '7'hex - subaddress: '1'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 t2m1 t2d1 t2d0 t2ms1 t2ms0 reset value: 1111b t2d1 t imer 2 d uty cycle bit 1 t2d0 t imer 2 d uty cycle bit 0 table 17. timer 2 duty cycle bits t2d1 t2d0 function of duty cycle gene rator (dcg) additional divider effect 1 1 bypassed (dcgo0) /1 1 0 duty cycle 1/1 (dcgo1) /2 0 1 duty cycle 1/2 (dcgo2) /3 0 0 duty cycle 1/3 (dcg03) /4
38 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 duty cycle generator the duty cycle generator generates duty cycles of 25%, 33% or 50%. the frequency at the duty cycle generator output depends on the duty cycle and the timer 2 prescaler setting. the dcg-stage can also be used as an additional programmable prescaler for timer 2. figure 42. dcg output signals t2ms1 t imer 2 m ode s elect bit 1 t2ms0 t imer 2 m ode s elect bit 0 table 18. timer 2 mode select bits mode t2ms1 t2ms0 clock output (pout) timer 2 modes 1 1 1 4-bit counter overflow (ovf1) 12-bit compare counter, the dcg have to be bypassed in this mode 2 1 0 4-bit compare output (cm1) 8-bit compare counter with 4-bit programmable prescaler and duty cycle generator 3 0 1 4-bit compare output (cm1) 8-bit compare counter clocked by syscl or the external clock input t2i, 4-bit prescaler run, the counter 2/1 starts after writing mode 3 4 0 0 4-bit compare output (cm1) 8-bit compare counter clocked by syscl or the external clock input t2i, 4-bit prescaler stop and resets dcgin dcgo0 dcgo1 dcgo2 dcgo3
39 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 2 mode register 2 (t2m2) if one of these output modes is used, the t2o alternate function of port 4 must also be activated. timer 2 compare and compare mode registers timer 2 has two separate compare registers, t2co1 for the 4-bit stage and t2co2 for the 8-bit stage of timer 2. the timer compares the contents of the compare register cur- rent counter value, and if it matches, it generates an output signal. depending on the timer mode, this signal is used to generate a timer interrupt, to toggle the output flip-flop as ssi clock or as a clock for the next counter stage. in the 12-bit timer mode, t2co1 contains bits 0 to 3 and t2co2 bits 4 to 11 of the 12-bit compare value. in all other modes, the two compare registers work independently as a 4- and 8-bit compare register. when assigned to the compare register a compare event will be suppressed. address: '7'hex - subaddress: '2'hex bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 t2m2 t2top t2os2 t2os1 t2os0 reset value: 1111b t2top t imer 2 t oggle o utput p reset this bit allows the programmer to preset the timer 2 output t2o. t2top = 0, resets the toggle outputs with the write cycle (m2 = 0) t2top = 1, sets toggle outputs with the write cycle (m2 = 1) note: if t2r = 1, no output preset is possible t2os2 t imer 2 o utput s elect bit 2 t2os1 t imer 2 o utput s elect bit 1 t2os0 t imer 2 o utput s elect bit 0 table 19. timer 2 output select bits output mode t2os2 t2ms1 t2ms0 clock output 1111 toggle mode: a timer 2 compare match toggles the output flip-flop (m2) t2o 2110 duty cycle burst generator 1: the dcg output signal (dcg0) is given to the output and gated by the output flip-flop (m2) 3101 duty cycle burst generator 2: the dcg output signal (dcgo) is given to the output and gated by the ssi internal data output (so) 4100 bi-phase modulator: timer 2 modulates the ssi internal data output (so) to bi-phase code 5011 manchester modulator: timer 2 modulates the ssi internal data output (so) to manchester code 6010 ssi output: t2o is used directly as ssi internal data output (so) 7 0 0 1 pwm mode: an 8/12-bit pwm mode 8000not allowed
40 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 timer 2 compare mode register (t2cm) timer 2 compare register 1 (t2co1) in prescaler mode the clock is bypassed if the compare register t2co1 contains 0. timer 2 compare register 2 (t2co2) byte write address: '7'hex - subaddress: '3'hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 t2cm t2otm t2ctm t2rm t2im reset value: 0000b t2otm t imer 2 o verflow t oggle m ask bit t2otm = 0, disable overflow toggle t2otm = 1, enable overflow toggle, a counter overflow (ovf2) toggles the output flip-flop (tog2). if the t2otm-bit is set, only a counter overflow can generate an interrupt except on the timer 2 output mode 7. t2ctm t imer 2 c ompare t oggle m ask bit t2ctm = 0, disable compare toggle t2ctm = 1, enable compare toggle, a match of the counter with the compare register toggles output flip-flop (tog2). in timer 2 output mode 7 and when the t2ctm-bit is set, only a match of the counter with the compare register can generate an interrupt. t2rm t imer 2 r eset m ask bit t2rm = 0, disable counter reset t2rm = 1, enable counter reset, a match of the counter with the compare register resets the counter t2im t imer 2 i nterrupt m ask bit t2im = 0, disable timer 2 interrupt t2im = 1, enable timer 2 interrupt table 20. timer 2 toggle mask bits timer 2 output mode t2otm t2ctm timer 2 interrupt source 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 0 x compare match (cm2) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 1 x overflow (ovf2) 7 x 1 compare match (cm2) address: '7'hex -subaddress: '4'hex t2co1 write cycle bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 reset value: 1111b address: '7'hex - subaddress: '5'hex t2co2 first write cycle bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 reset value: 1111b second write cycle bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 reset value: 1111b
41 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 synchronous serial interface (ssi) ssi features 2- and 3-wire nrz 2-wire mode, additional internal 2-wire link for multi-chip packaging solutions with timer 2 ? bi-phase modulation ? manchester modulation ? pulse-width demodulation ? burst modulation ssi peripheral configuration the synchronous serial interface (ssi) can be used either for serial communication with external devices such as eeproms, shift registers, display drivers, other microcontrol- lers, or as a means for generating and capturing on-chip serial streams of data. external data communication takes place via port 4 (bp4),a multi-functional port which can be software configured by writing the appropriate control word into the p4cr register. the ssi can be configured in any of the following ways: 1. 2-wire external interface for bi-directional data communication with one data ter - minal and one shift clock. the ssi uses port bp43 as a bi-directional serial data line (sd) and bp40 as a shift clock line (sc). 2. 3-wire external interface for simultaneous input and output of serial data, with a serial input data terminal (si), a serial output data terminal (so) and a shift clock (sc). the ssi uses bp40 as a shift clock (sc), while the serial data input (si) is applied to bp43 (configured in p4cr as input). serial output data (so) in this case is passed through to bp42 (configured in p4cr to t2o) via timer 2 output stage (t2m2 configured in mode 6). 3. timer/ssi combined modes ? the ssi used together with timer 2 is capable of performing a variety of data modulation and demodulation functions (see section ?timer?). the modulating data is converted by the ssi into a continuous serial stream of data which is in turn modulated in one of the timer functional blocks. 4. multi-chip link (mcl) ? the ssi can also be used as an interchip data interface for use in single package multi-chip modules or hybrids. for such applications, the ssi is provided with two dedicated pads (mcl_sd and mcl_sc) which act as a two-wire chip-to-chip link. the mcl can be activated by the mcl control bit. should these mcl pads be used by the ssi, the standard sd and sc pins are not required and the corresponding port 4 ports are available as conventional data ports.
42 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 43. block diagram of the synchronous serial interface general ssi operation the ssi is comprised essentially of an 8-bit shift register with two associated 8-bit buff- ers - the receive buffer (srb) for capturing the incoming serial data and a transmit buffer (stb) for intermediate storage of data to be serially output. both buffers are directly accessible by software. transferring the parallel buffer data into and out of the shift reg- ister is controlled automatically by the ssi control, so that both single byte transfers or continuous bit-streams can be supported. the ssi can generate the shift clock (sc) from one of several on-chip clock sources or it can accept an external clock. the external shift clock is output on, or applied to the port bp40. selection of an external clock source is performed by the serial clock direction control bit (scd). in the combinational modes, the required clock is selected by the cor- responding timer mode. the ssi can operate in three data transfer modes ? synchronous 8-bit shift mode, a 9-bit multi-chip link mode (mcl), containing 8-bit data and 1-bit acknowledge, and a corresponding 8-bit mcl mode without acknowledge. in both mcl modes the data transmission begins after a valid start condition and ends with a valid stop condition. external ssi clocking is not supported in these modes. the ssi should thus generate and have full control over the shift clock so that it can always be regarded as an mcl bus master device. all directional control of the external data port used by the ssi is handled automatically and is dependent on the transmission direction set by the serial data direction (sdd) control bit. this control bit defines whether the ssi is currently operating in transmit (tx) mode or receive (rx) mode. serial data is organized in 8-bit telegrams which are shifted with the most significant bit first. in the 9-bit mcl mode, an additional acknowledge bit is appended to the end of the telegram for handshaking purposes (see ?mcl protocol?). at the beginning of every telegram, the ssi control loads the transmit buffer into the shift register and proceeds immediately to shift data serially out. at the same time, incoming data is shifted into the shift register input. this incoming data is automatically loaded into the receive buffer when the complete telegram has been received. thus, data can be simultaneously received and transmitted if required. 8-bit shift register msb lsb shift_cl so sic1 sic2 sisc sc control stb srb si timer 2 output int3 sc i/o-bus i/o-bus ssi-control tog2 pout t1out syscl so si mcl_sc sd mcl_sd transmit buffer receive buffer sci /2
43 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 before data can be transferred, the ssi must first be activated. this is performed by means of the ssi reset control (sir) bit. all further operation then depends on the data directional mode (tx/rx) and the present status of the ssi buffer registers shown by the serial interface ready status flag (srdy). this srdy flag indicates the (empty/full) status of either the transmit buffer (in tx mode), or the receive buffer (in rx mode). the control logic ensures that data shif ting is temporarily halted at any time, if the appropriate receive/transmit buffer is not ready (srdy = 0). the srdy status will then automatically be set back to ?1? and data shifting resumed as soon as the applica- tion software loads the new data into the transmit register (in tx mode) or frees the shift register by reading it into the receive buffer (in rx mode). a further activity status (act) bit indicates the present status of serial communication. the act bit remains high for the duration of the serial telegram or if mcl stop or start conditions are currently being generated. both the current srdy and act status can be read in the ssi status register. to deactivate the ssi, the sir bit must be set high. 8-bit synchronous mode figure 44. 8-bit synchronous mode in the 8-bit synchronous mode, the ssi can operate as either a 2- or 3-wire interface (see section ?ssi peripheral configuration?). the serial data (sd) is received or trans- mitted in nrz format, synchronized to either the rising or falling edge of the shift clock (sc). the choice of clock edge is defined by the serial mode control bits (sm0,sm1). it should be noted that the transmission edge refers to the sc clock edge with which the sd changes. to avoid clock skew problems, the incoming serial input data is shifted in with the opposite edge. when used together with one of the timer modulator or demodulator stages, the ssi must be set in the 8-bit synchronous mode 1. in rx mode, as soon as the ssi is activated (sir = 0), 8 shift clocks are generated and the incoming serial data is shifted into the shift register. this first telegram is automati- cally transferred into the receive buffer and the srdy flag is set to 0 indicating that the receive buffer contains valid data. at the same time an interrupt (if enabled) is gener- ated. the ssi then continues shifting in the following 8-bit telegram. if, during this time the first telegram has been read by the controller, the second telegram will also be trans- ferred in the same way into the receive buffe r and the ssi will continue clocking in the next telegram. should, however, the first telegram not have been read (srdy = 1), then the ssi will stop, temporarily holding the second telegram in the shift register until a cer- tain point in time when the controller is able to service the receive buffer. in this way no data is lost or overwritten. sc sc data sd/to2 110 101 00 bit 7 bit 0 110 101 00 bit 7 bit 0 data: 00110101 (rising edge) (falling edge)
44 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 deactivating the ssi (sir = 1) in mid-telegram will immediately stop the shift clock and latch the present contents of the shift register into the receive buffer. this can be used for clocking in a data telegram of less than 8 bits in length. care should be taken to read out the final complete 8-bit data telegram of a multiple word message before deactivat- ing the ssi (sir = 1) and terminating the reception. after termination, the shift register contents will overwrite the receive buffer. figure 45. example of 8-bit synchronous transmit operation figure 46. example of 8-bit synchronous receive operation 7654321 0 765432107654321 0 msb lsb tx data 1 tx data 2 tx data 3 msb lsb msb lsb write stb (tx data 2) write stb (tx data 3) write stb (tx data 1) sc sd sir srdy interrupt (ifn = 0) interrupt (ifn = 1) act 43210 76543210 msb lsb rx data 1 rx data 2 rx data 3 msb lsb msb lsb read srb (rx data 2) read srb (rx data 3) read srb (rx data 1) sc sd sir srdy interrupt (ifn = 0) interrupt (ifn = 1) act 765 43210 765 7654
45 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 9-bit shift mode in the 9-bit shift mode, the ssi is able to handle the mcl protocol (described below). it always operates as an mcl master device, i.e., sc is always generated and output by the ssi. both the mcl start and stop conditions are automatically generated whenever the ssi is activated or deactivated by the sir-bit. in accordance with the mcl protocol, the output data is always changed in the clock low phase and shifted in on the high phase. before activating the ssi (sir = 0) and commencing an mcl dialog, the appropriate data direction for the first word must be set using the sdd control bit. the state of this bit controls the direction of the data port (bp43 or mcl_sd). once started, the 8 data bits are, depending on the selected direction, either clocked into or out of the shift regis- ter. during the 9th clock period, the port direction is automatically switched over so that the corresponding acknowledge bit can be shifted out or read in. in transmit mode, the acknowledge bit received from the device is captured in the ssi status register (tack) where it can be read by the controller. in receive mode, the state of the acknowledge bit to be returned to the device is predetermined by the ssi status register (rack). changing the directional mode (tx/rx) should not be performed during the transfer of an mcl telegram. one should wait until the end of the telegram which can be detected using the ssi interrupt (ifn = 1) or by interrogating the act status. once started, a 9-bit telegram will always run to completion and will not be prematurely terminated by the sir bit. so, if the sir-bit is set to ?1? in mid telegram, the ssi will com- plete the current transfer and terminate the dialog with an mcl stop condition. figure 47. example of mcl transmit dialog 7654321 76543210a msb lsb tx data 1 tx data 2 msb lsb write stb (tx data 1) sc sd srdy act interrupt (ifn = 0) interrupt (ifn = 1) 0a write stb (tx data 2) sir sdd start stop
46 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 48. example of mcl receive dialog 8-bit pseudo mcl mode in this mode, the ssi exhibits all the typical mcl operational features except for the acknowledge-bit which is never expected or transmitted. mcl bus protocol the mcl protocol constitutes a simple 2-wire bi-directional communication highway via which devices can communicate control and data information. although the mcl proto- col can support multi-master bus configurations, the ssi in mcl mode is intended for use purely as a master controller on a single master bus system. so all reference to multiple bus control and bus contention will be omitted at this point. all data is packaged into 8-bit telegrams plus a trailing handshaking or acknowledge-bit. normally the communication channel is opened with a so-called start condition, which initializes all devices connected to the bus. this is then followed by a data telegram, transmitted by the master controller device. this telegram usually contains an 8-bit address code to activate a single slave device connected onto the mcl bus. each slave receives this address and compares it with its own unique address. the addressed slave device, if ready to receive data, will respond by pulling the sd line low during the 9th clock pulse. this represents a so-called mcl acknowledge. the controller detecting this affirmative acknowledge then opens a connection to the required slave. data can then be passed back and forth by the master controller, each 8-bit telegram being acknowledged by the respective recipient. the communication is finally closed by the master device and the slave device put back into standby by applying a stop condition onto the bus. 7654321 76543210 a msb lsb tx data 1 rx data 2 msb lsb write stb (tx data 1) sc sd srdy act interrupt (ifn = 0) interrupt (ifn = 1) 0a read srb (rx data 2) sir sdd start stop
47 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 49. mcl bus protocol 1 bus not busy (1) both data and clock lines remain high. start data transfer (2) a high to low transition of the sd line while the clock (sc) is high defines a start condition stop data transfer (3) a low to high transition of the sd line while the clock (sc) is high defines a stop condition. data valid (4) the state of the data line represents valid data when, after a start condition, the data line is stable for the duration of the high period of the clock signal. acknowledge all address and data words are serially transmitted to and from the device in eight-bit words. the receiving device returns a zero on the data line during the ninth clock cycle to acknowledge word receipt. figure 50. mcl bus protocol 2 ssi interrupt the ssi interrupt int3 can be generated either by an ssi buffer register status (i.e., transmit buffer empty or receive buffer full), the end of a ssi data telegram or on the fall- ing edge of the sc/sd pins on port 4 (see p4cr). ssi interrupt selection is performed by the interrupt function control bit (ifn). the ssi interrupt is usually used to synchro- nize the software control of the ssi and inform the controller of the present ssi status. port 4 interrupts can be used together with the ssi or, if the ssi itself is not required, as additional external interrupt sources. in either case this interrupt is capable of waking the controller out of sleep mode. to enable and select the ssi relevant interrupts use the ssi interrupt mask (sim) and the interrupt function (ifn) while port 4 interrupts are enabled by setting appropriate control bits in p4cr register. (2) (1) (4) (4) (3) (1) start condition data valid data change data valid stop condition sc sd sc sd start 1n89 1st bit 8th bit ack stop
48 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 modulation if the shift register is used together with timer 2 for modulation, the 8-bit synchronous mode must be used. in this case, the unused port 4 pins can be used as conventional bi-directional ports. the modulation and demodulation stages, if enabled, operate as soon as the ssi is acti- vated (sir = 0) and cease when deactivated (sir = 1). due to the byte-orientated data control, the ssi (when running normally) generates serial bit streams which are submultiples of 8 bits. however, an ssi output masking (omsk) function permits, the generation of bit streams of any length. the omsk signal is derived indirectly from the 4-bit prescaler of the timer 2 and masks out a programma- ble number of unrequired trailing data bits during the shifting out of the final data word in the bit stream. the number of non-masked data bits is defined by the value pre-pro- grammed in the prescaler compare register. to use output masking, the modulator stop mode bit (msm) must be set to ?0? before programming the final data word into the ssi transmit buffer. this in turn, enables shift clocks to the prescaler when this final word is shifted out. on reaching the compare value, the prescaler triggers the omsk signal and all following data bits are blanked. internal 2-wire multi-chip link two additional on-chip pads (mcl_sc and mcl_sd) for the sc and the sd line can be used as chip-to-chip link for multi-chip applications. these pads can be activated by set- ting the mcl-bit in the sisc register. figure 51. multi-chip link figure 52. ssi output masking function scl sda mcl_sc mcl_sd u505m atar090 v dd bp40/sc bp10 bp43/sd bp13 multi-chip link v ss 8-bit shift register msb lsb shift_cl so control si timer 2 output ssi-control so compare 2/1 4-bit counter 2/1 cl2/1 scl cm1 omsk sc tog2 pout t1out syscl /2
49 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 serial interface registers serial interface control register 1 (sic1) in transmit mode (sdd = 1) shifting starts only if the transmit buffer has been loaded (srdy = 1). setting sir-bit loads the contents of the shift register into the receive buffer (synchronous 8-bit mode only). in mcl modes, writing a 0 to sir generates a start condition and writing a 1 generates a stop condition. serial interface control register 2 (sic2) auxiliary register address: '9'hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 sic1 sir scd scs1 scs0 reset value: 1111b sir s erial i nterface r eset sir = 1, ssi inactive sir = 0, ssi active scd s erial c lock d irection scd = 1, sc line used as output scd = 0, sc line used as input note: this bit has to be set to '1' during the mcl mode scs1 s erial c lock source s elect bit 1 scs0 s erial c lock source s elect bit 0 note: with scd = '0' the bits scs1 and scs0 are insignificant table 21. serial clock source select bits scs1 scs0 internal clock for ssi 1 1 syscl/2 1 0 t1out/2 01pout/2 0 0 tog2/2 auxiliary register address: ?a?hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 sic2 msm sm1 sm0 sdd reset value: 1111b msm m odular s top m ode msm = 1, modulator stop mode disabled (output masking off) msm = 0, modulator stop mode enabled (output masking on) - used in modulation modes for generating bit-streams which are not sub-multiples of 8 bits. sm1 s erial m ode control bit 1 sm0 s erial m ode control bit 0
50 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 note: sdd controls port directional control and defines the reset function for the srdy-flag serial interface status and control register (sisc) table 22. serial mode control bits mode sm1 sm0 ssi mode 1 1 1 8-bit nrz-data changes with the rising edge of sc 2 1 0 8-bit nrz-data changes with the falling edge of sc 3 0 1 9-bit two-wire mcl mode 4 0 0 8-bit two-wire pseudo mcl mode (no acknowledge) sdd s erial d ata d irection sdd = 1, transmit mode ? sd line used as output (transmit data). srdy is set by a transmit buffer write access sdd = 0, receive mode ? sd line used as input (receive data). srdy is set by a receive buffer read access primary register address: ?a?hex bit 3bit 2bit 1bit 0 write mcl rack sim ifn reset value: 1111b read ? tack act srdy reset value: xxxxb mcl m ulti- c hip l ink activation mcl = 1, multi-chip link disabled. this bit has to be set to 0 during transactions to/from the eeprom of the atar890 mcl = 0, connects sc and sd additionally to the internal multi-chip link pads rack r eceive ack nowledge status/control bit for mcl mode rack = 0, transmit acknowledge in next receive telegram rack = 1, transmit no acknowledge in last receive telegram tack t ransmit ack nowledge status/control bit for mcl mode tack = 0, acknowledge received in last transmit telegram tack = 1, no acknowledge received in last transmit telegram sim s erial i nterrupt m ask sim = 1, disable interrupts sim = 0, enable serial interrupt. an interrupt is generated. ifn i nterrupt f u n ction ifn = 1, the serial interrupt is generated at the end of the telegram ifn = 0, the serial interrupt is generated when the srdy goes low (i.e., buffer becomes empty/full in transmit/receive mode) srdy s erial interface buffer r ea dy status flag srdy = 1, in receive mode: receive buffer empty in transmit mode: transmit buffer full srdy = 0, in receive mode: receive buffer full in transmit mode: transmit buffer empty act transmission act ive status flag act = 1, transmission is active, i.e., serial data transfer. stop or start conditions are currently in progress. act = 0, transmission is inactive
51 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 serial transmit buffer (stb) ? byte write the stb is the transmit buffer of the ssi. the ssi transfers the transmit buffer into the shift register and starts shifting with the most significant bit. serial receive buffer (srb) ? byte read combination modes the utcm consists of one timer (timer 2) and a serial interface. there is a multitude of modes in which the timers and serial interface can work together. the 8-bit wide serial interface operates as shift register for modulation and demodula- tion. the modulator and demodulator units work together with the timers and shift the data bits into or out of the shift register. combination mode timer 2 and ssi figure 53. combination timer 2 and ssi primary register address: ?9?hex stb first write cycle bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 reset value: xxxxb second write cycle bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 reset value: xxxxb primary register address: ?9?hex srb first read cycle bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 reset value: xxxxb second read cycle bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 reset value: xxxxb 4-bit counter 2/1 res ovf1 compare 2/1 t2co1 pout cl2/2 dcg t2m1 p4cr 8-bit counter 2/2 res ovf2 compare 2/2 t2co2 t2cm timer 2 - control tog2 int4 bi-phase manchester modulator output mout t2o timer 2 modulator output-stage t2m2 so control t2c cl2/1 t2i syscl t1out reserved scl i/o-bus 8-bit shift register msb lsb shift_cl so sic1 sic2 sisc scli control stb srb si output int3 i/o-bus ssi-control tog2 pout t1out syscl mcl_sc mcl_sd transmit buffer receive buffer cm1 i/o-bus pout so scl sc sd dcgo tog2
52 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 combination mode 1: burst modulation ssi mode 1: 8-bit nrz and internal data so output to the timer 2 modulator stage timer 2 mode 1, 2, 3 or 4: 8-bit compare counter with 4-bit programmable prescaler and dcg timer 2 output mode 3: duty cycle burst generator figure 54. carrier frequency burst modulation with the ssi internal data output combination mode 2: bi-phase modulation 1 ssi mode 1: 8-bit shift register internal data output (so) to the timer 2 modulator stage timer 2 mode 1, 2, 3 or 4: 8-bit compare counter with 4-bit programmable prescaler timer 2 output mode 4: modulator 2 of timer 2 modulates the ssi internal data output to bi-phase code figure 55. bi-phase modulation 1 1 201201201201201201201201201201201201201 dcgo counter 2 tog2 so t2o counter = compare register (= 2) bit 0 bit 1 bit 2 bit 3 bit 4 bit 5 bit 6 bit 7 bit 8 bit 9 bit 10 bit 11 bit 12 bit 13 tog2 sc so t2o 000 0 0011 0101 11 1 1 8-bit sr-data bit 7 bit 0 data: 00110101
53 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 combination mode 3: manchester modulation 1 ssi mode 1: 8-bit shift register internal data output (so) to timer 2 modulator stage timer 2 mode 1, 2, 3 or 4: 8-bit compare counter with 4-bit programmable prescaler timer 2 output mode 5: modulator 2 of timer 2 modulates the ssi internal data output to manchester code figure 56. manchester modulation 1 combination mode 4: manchester modulation 2 ssi mode 1: 8-bit shift register internal data output (so) to timer 2 modulator stage timer 2 mode 3: 8-bit compare counter and 4-bit prescaler timer 2 output mode 5: modulator 2 of timer 2 modulates the ssi data output to manchester code the 4-bit stage can be used as prescaler for the ssi to generate the stop signal for mod- ulator 2. the ssi has a special mode to supply the prescaler with the shift clock. the control output signal (omsk) of the ssi is used as a stop signal for the modulator. fig- ure 57 shows an example for a 12-bit manchester telegram. figure 57. manchester modulation 2 tog2 sc so t2o 00 0 0011 0101 11 1 1 8-bit sr-data bit 7 bit 0 0 bit 7 bit 0 data: 00110101 00000000 123 4 012 0 counter 2/1 = compare register 2/1 (= 4) bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 scli buffer full sir so sc msm timer 2 mode 3 scl counter 2/1 omsk t2o 3
54 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 combination mode 5: bi-phase modulation 2 ssi mode 1: 8-bit shift register internal data output (so) to the timer 2 modulator stage timer 2 mode 3: 8-bit compare counter and 4-bit prescaler timer 2 output mode 4: modulator 2 of timer 2 modulates the ssi data output to bi-phase code the 4-bit stage can be used as prescaler for the ssi to generate the stop signal for mod- ulator 2. the ssi has a special mode to supply the prescaler via the shift clock. the control output signal (omsk) of the ssi is used as a stop signal for the modulator. fig- ure 58 shows an example for a 13-bit bi-phase telegram. figure 58. bi-phase modulation 2 00000000 1234 5 0 counter 2/1 = compare register 2/1 (= 5) bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 bit 7 bit 6 bit 5 bit 4 bit 3 bit 2 bit 1 bit 0 scli buffer full sir so sc msm timer 2 mode 3 scl counter 2/1 omsk t2o 012
55 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 atar890 the atar890 is a multichip device which offers a combination of a marc4-based microcontroller and a serial e2prom data memory in a single package. the atar090 is used as a microcontroller and the u505m is used as a serial e2prom. two internal lines can be used as chip-to-chip link in a single package. the maximum internal data communication frequency between the atar090 and the u505m over the chip link (mcl_sc and mcl_sd) is f sc_mcl = 500 khz. the microcontroller and the eeprom portions of this multi-chip device are equivalent to their respective individual component chips, except for the electrical specification. internal 2-wire multi-chip link two additional on-chip pads (mcl_sc and mcl_sd) for the sc and the sd line can be used as chip-to-chip link for multi-chip applications. these pads can be activated by set- ting the mcl-bit in the sisc register. figure 59. multi-chip link u505m eeprom the u505m is a 512-bit eeprom internally organized as 32 x 16 bits. the program- ming voltage as well as the write-cycle timing is generated on-chip. the u505m features a serial interface allowing operation on a simple two-wire bus with an mcl protocol. its low power consumption makes it well suited for battery applications. figure 60. block diagram eeprom scl sda mcl_sc mcl_sd u505m atar090 v dd bp40/sc bp10 bp43/sd bp13 multi-chip link v ss 16-bit read/write buffer address control 8-bit data register eeprom 32 x 16 hv-generator timing control mode control i/o control scl v dd v ss sda
56 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 serial interface the u505m has a two-wire serial interface to the microcontroller for read and write accesses to the eeprom. the u505m is considered to be a slave in all these applica- tions. that means, the controller has to be the master that initiates the data transfer and provides the clock for transmit and receive operations. the serial interface is controlled by the atar890 microcontroller which generates the serial clock and controls the access via the scl-line and sda-line. scl is used to clock the data into and out of the device. sda is a bi-directional line that is used to transfer data into and out of the device. the following serial protocol is used for the data transfers. serial protocol data states on the sda-line change only while scl is low. changes on the sda-line while scl is high are interpreted as start or stop condition. a start condition is defined as a high to low transition on the sda-line while the scl-line is high. a stop condition is defined as a low to high transition on the sda-line while the scl-line is high. each data transfer must be initialized with a start condition and terminated with a stop condition. the start condition wakes the device from standby mode and the stop condition returns the device to standby mode. a receiving device generates an acknowledge (a) after the reception of each byte. this requires an additional clock pulse, generated by the master. if the reception was successful the receiving master or slave device pulls down the sda-line during that clock cycle. if an acknowledge is not detected (n) by the interface in transmit mode, it will terminate further data transmissions and go into receive mode. a master device must finish its read operation by a non-acknowledge and then send a stop condition to bring the device into a known state. figure 61. mcl protocol before the start condition and after the stop condition the device is in standby mode and the sda line is switched as an input with a pull-up resistor. the control byte that follows the start condition determines the following operation. it consists of the 5-bit row address, 2 mode control bits and the read/ nwrite bit that is used to control the direction of the following transfer. a ?0? defines a write access and a ?1? a read access. control byte format eeprom address mode control bits read/ nwrite starta4a3a2a1a0c1c0r/nwackn start condition data valid data change data/ acknowledge valid stop condition scl sda stand by stand- by
57 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 control byte format eeprom the eeprom has a size of 512 bits and is organized as 32 x 16-bit matrix. to read and write data to and from the eeprom the serial interface must be used. the interface supports one and two byte write accesses and one to n-byte read accesses to the eeprom. eeprom ? operating modes the operating modes of the eeprom are defined via the control byte. the control byte contains the row address, the mode control bits and the read/not-write bit that is used to control the direction of the following transfer. a ?0? defines a write access and a ?1? a read access. the five address bits select one of the 32 rows of the eeprom memory to be accessed. for all accesses the complete 16-bit word of the selected row is loaded into a buffer. the buffer must be read or overwritten via the serial interface. the two mode control bits c 1 and c 2 define in which order the accesses to the buffer are performed: high byte ? low byte or low byte ? high byte. the eeprom also supports auto-incre- ment and auto-decrement read operations. after sending the start address with the corresponding mode, consecutive memory ce lls can be read row by row without trans- mission of the row addresses. two special control bytes enable the complete initialization of eeprom with ?0? or with ?1?. write operations the eeprom permits 8-bit and 16-bit write operations. a write access starts with the start condition followed by a write control byte and one or two data bytes from the master. it is completed via the stop condition from the master after the acknowledge cycle. the programming cycle c onsists of an erase cycle (write ?zeros?) and the write cycle (write ?ones?). both cycles together take about 10 ms. acknowledge polling if the eeprom is busy with an internal write cycle, all inputs are disabled and the eeprom will not acknowledge until the write cycle is finished. this can be used to detect the end of the write cycle. the master must perform acknowledge polling by sending a start condition followed by the control byte. if the device is still busy with the write cycle, it will not return an acknowledge and the master has to generate a stop con- dition or perform further acknowledge polling sequences. if the cycle is complete, it returns an acknowledge and the master can proceed with the next read or write cycle. write one data byte write two data bytes write control byte only start control byte ackn data byte ackn data byte ackn stop start control byte a data byte 1 a stop start control byte a data byte 1 a data byte 2 a stop start control byte a stop
58 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 write control bytes a: acknowledge; hb: high byte; lb: low byte; r: row address read operations the eeprom allows byte, word and current address read operations. the read opera- tions are initiated in the same way as write operations. every read access is initiated by sending the start condition followed by the control byte which contains the address and the read mode. when the device has received a read command, it returns an acknowledge, loads the addressed word into the read/write buffer and sends the selected data byte to the master. the master has to acknowledge the received byte if it wants to proceed with the read operation. if two bytes are read out from the buffer the device increments respectively decrements the word address automatically and loads the buffer with the next word. the read mode bi ts determines if the low or high byte is read first from the buffer and if the word address is incremented or decremented for the next read access. if the memory address limit is reached, the data word address will ?roll over? and the sequential read will continue. the master can terminate the read operation after every byte by not responding with an acknowledge (n) and by issuing a stop condition. read one data byte read two data bytes read n data bytes msb lsb write low byte first a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 c1 c0 r/nw row address 0 1 0 byte order lb(r) hb(r) msb lsb write high byte first a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 c1 c0 r/nw row address 1 0 0 byte order hb(r) lb(r) start control byte a data byte 1 n stop start control byte a data byte 1 a data byte 2 n stop start control byte a data byte 1 a data byte 2 a - - - data byte n n stop
59 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 read control bytes a: acknowledge, n: no acknowledge; hb: high byte; lb: low byte, r: row address initialization after a reset condition the eeprom with the serial interface has its own reset circuitry. in systems with micro- controllers that have their own reset circuitry for power-on reset, watchdog reset or brown-out reset, it may be necessary to bring the u505m into a known state indepen- dent of its internal reset. this is performed by writing to the serial interface. if the u505m acknowledges this sequence it is in a defined state. it may be necessary to perform this sequence twice. msb lsb read low byte first, address increment a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 c1 c0 r/nw row address 0 1 1 byte order lb(r) hb(r) lb(r+1) hb(r+1) - - - lb(r+n) hb(r+n) msb lsb read high byte first, address decrement a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 c1 c0 r/nw row address 1 0 1 byte order hb(r) lb(r) hb(r-1) lb(r-1) - - - hb(r-n) lb(r-n) start control byte a data byte 1 n stop
60 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 absolute maximum ratings voltages are given relative to v ss. stresses beyond those listed under ?absolute maximum ratings? may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability . all inputs and outputs are protected against high electrostatic voltages or electric fields. however, precautions to minimize t he build-up of electrostatic charges during handling are recommended. reliability of operation is enhanced if unused inputs are connected to a n appro- priate logic voltage level (e.g., v dd ). parameters symbol value unit supply voltage v dd -0.3 to + 6.5 v input voltage (on any pin) v in v ss -0.3 v in v dd +0.3 v output short circuit duration t short indefinite s operating temperature range t amb -40 to +85 c storage temperature range t stg -40 to +130 c soldering temperature (t 10 s) t sld 260 c thermal resistance parameter symbol value unit thermal resistance (sso20) r thja 140 k/w dc operating characteristics v ss = 0 v, t amb = -40 to 85c unless otherwise specified parameters test conditions symbol min. typ. max. unit power supply operating voltage at v dd v dd v por 6.5 v active current cpu active f syscl = 1 mhz v dd = 1.8 v v dd = 3.0 v v dd = 6.5 v i dd 150 220 600 350 a a a power down current (cpu sleep, rc oscillator active, 4-mhz quartz oscillator active) f syscl = 1 mhz v dd = 1.8 v v dd = 3.0 v v dd = 6.5 v i pd 30 50 150 100 a a a sleep current (cpu sleep, 32-khz quartz oscillator active 4-mhz quartz oscillator inactive) v dd = 1.8 v v dd = 3.0 v v dd = 6.5 v i sleep 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.3 1.8 a a a sleep current (cpu sleep, 32-khz quartz oscillator inactive 4-mhz quartz oscillator inactive) v dd = 1.8 v for atar090 v dd = 3.0 v for atar090 v dd = 6.5 v for atar090 v dd = 6.5 v for atar890 i sleep 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.8 1.0 a a a a pin capacitance any pin to v ss c l 710pf
61 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 note: the pin bp20/nte has a static pull-up resistor during the reset-phase of the microcontroller power-on reset threshold voltage por threshold voltage bot = 1 v por 1.6 1.7 1.8 v por threshold voltage bot = 0 v por 1.75 1.9 2.05 v por hysteresis v por 50 mv voltage monitor threshold voltage vm high threshold voltage v dd > vm, vms = 1 v mthh 3.0 3.25 v vm high threshold voltage v dd < vm, vms = 0 v mthh 2.8 3.0 v vm middle threshold voltage v dd > vm, vms = 1 v mthm 2.6 2.8 v vm middle threshold voltage v dd < vm, vms = 0 v mthm 2.4 2.6 v vm low threshold voltage v dd > vm, vms = 1 v mthl 2.2 2.4 v vm low threshold voltage v dd < vm, vms = 0 v mthl 2.0 2.2 v external input voltage vmi v vmi > vbg, vms = 1 v vmi 1.3 1.4 v vmi v vmi > vbg, vms = 0 v vmi 1.2 1.3 v all bi-directional ports input voltage low v dd = 1.8 to 6.5 v v il v ss 0.2 v dd v input voltage high v dd = 1.8 to 6.5 v v ih 0.8 v dd v dd v input low current (switched pull-up) v dd = 2.0 v, v dd = 3.0 v, v il = v ss v dd = 6.5 v i il -2 -10 -50 -4 -20 -100 -12 -40 -200 a a a input high current (switched pull-down) v dd = 2.0 v, v dd = 3.0 v, v ih = v dd v dd = 6.5 v i ih 2 10 50 4 20 100 12 40 200 a a a input low current (static pull-up) v dd = 2.0 v v dd = 3.0 v, v il = v ss v dd = 6.5 v i il -20 -80 -300 -50 -160 -600 -100 -320 -1200 a a a input low current (static pull-down) v dd = 2.0 v v dd = 3.0 v, v ih = v dd v dd = 6.5 v i ih 20 80 300 50 160 600 100 320 1200 a a a input leakage current v il = v ss i il 100 na input leakage current v ih = v dd i ih 100 na output low current v ol = 0.2 v dd v dd = 2.0 v v dd = 3.0 v, v dd = 6.5 v i ol 0.6 3 8 1.2 5 15 2.5 8 22 ma ma ma output high current v oh = 0.8 v dd v dd = 2.0 v v dd = 3.0 v, v dd = 6.5 v i oh -0.6 -3 -8 -1.2 -5 -16 -2.5 -8 -24 ma ma ma dc operating characteristics (continued) v ss = 0 v, t amb = -40 to 85c unless otherwise specified parameters test conditions symbol min. typ. max. unit
62 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 ac characteristics supply voltage v dd = 1.8 to 6.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t amb = 25c unless otherwise specified. parameters test conditions symbol min. typ. max. unit operation cycle time system clock cycle v dd = 1.8 to 6.5 v t amb = -40 to 85c t syscl 500 2000 ns v dd = 2.4 to 6.5 v t amb = -40 to 85c t syscl 250 2000 ns timer 2 input timing pin t2i timer 2 input clock f t2i 5mhz timer 2 input low time rise/fall time < 10 ns t t2il 100 ns timer 2 input high time rise/fall time < 10 ns t t2ih 100 ns interrupt request input timing interrupt request low time rise/fall time < 10 ns t irl 100 ns interrupt request high time rise/fall time < 10 ns t irh 100 ns external system clock exscl at osc1, ecm = en rise/fall time < 10 ns f exscl 0.5 4 mhz exscl at osc1, ecm = di rise/fall time < 10 ns f exscl 0.02 4 mhz input high time rise/fall time < 10 ns t ih 0.1 s reset timing power-on reset time v dd > v por t por 1.5 5 ms rc oscillator 1 frequency f rcout1 3.8 mhz stability v dd = 2.0 to 6.5 v t amb = -40 to 85c ? f/f 50 % rc oscillator 2 ? external resistor frequency r ext = 170 k ? f rcout2 4mhz stability v dd = 2.0 to 6.5 v t amb = -40 to 85c ? f/f 15 % stabilization time t s 10 s 4-mhz crystal oscillator (operating range v dd = 2.2 v to 6.5 v) frequency f x 4mhz start-up time t sq 5ms stability ? f/f -10 10 ppm 32-khz crystal oscillator (operating range v dd = 2.0 v to 6.5 v) frequency f x 32.768 khz start-up time t sq 0.5 s stability ? f/f -10 10 ppm note: 1. endurance and data retention independent and separately characterized.
63 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 crystal characteristics figure 62. crystal equivalent circuit external 32-khz crystal parameters crystal frequency f x 32.768 khz serial resistance rs 30 50 k ? static capacitance c0 1.5 pf dynamic capacitance c1 3 ff external 4-mhz crystal parameters crystal frequency f x 4.0 mhz serial resistance rs 40 150 ? static capacitance c0 1.4 3 pf dynamic capacitance c1 3 ff external 4-mhz ceramic resonator parameters frequency f x 4.0 mhz serial resistance rs 8 20 ? static capacitance c0 36 45 pf dynamic capacitance c1 4.4 ff eeprom operating current during erase/write cycle i wr 600 1300 a endurance (1) erase-/write cycles at 25c at 60c at 85c e d 500,000 200,000 100,000 1,000,000 cycles data erase/write cycle time t dew 912ms data retention time (1) at 25c t dr 10 years power-up to read operation t pur 0.2 ms power-up to write operation t puw 0.2 ms serial interface scl clock frequency f sc_mcl 100 500 khz ac characteristics (continued) supply voltage v dd = 1.8 to 6.5 v, v ss = 0 v, t amb = 25c unless otherwise specified. parameters test conditions symbol min. typ. max. unit note: 1. endurance and data retention independent and separately characterized. l c1 rs c0 oscin oscout equivalent circuit sclin sclout
64 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 63. active supply current versus frequency figure 64. power-down supply current versus frequency figure 65. sleep current versus t amb atar090 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 f sysclk (mhz) i ddact (ma) t amb = -25c v dd = 6.5 v 5 v 3 v 2 v 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 f sysclk (mhz) i pd (a) t amb = -25c v dd = 6.5 v 5 v 3 v 2 v 4 v 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 t amb (c) i ddsleep (a) v dd = 6.5 v 5 v 3 v
65 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 66. active supply current versus v dd figure 67. power-down supply current versus v dd figure 68. sleep current versus t amb ? atar890 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) i ddact (a) t amb = 25c f sysclk = 500 khz 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) i pd (a) f sysclk = 500 khz t amb = 25c 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 t amb (c) i ddsleep (a) v dd = 6.5 v 5 v 3 v
66 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 69. internal rc frequency versus v dd ? atar090 figure 70. external rc frequency versus v dd figure 71. system clock versus v dd 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) f rc_int (mhz) t amb = -40c 25c 85c 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) f rc_ext (mhz) r ext = 170 k ? t amb = -40c 85c 25c 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) f sysclk (mhz) sysclkmax sysclkmin
67 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 72. internal rc frequency versus t amb ? atar090 figure 73. external rc frequency versus t amb figure 74. external rc frequency versus r ext 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 t amb (c) f rc_int (mhz) v dd = 6.5 v 2 v 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 -40-30-20-100 10203040 5060 708090 t amb (c) f rc_ext (mhz) v dd = 6.5 v 3 v 2 v r ext = 170 k ? 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 r ext (k ? ) f rc_ext (mhz) v dd = 3 v t amb = 25c typ. min. max.
68 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 75. pull-up resistor versus v dd figure 76. strong pull-up resistor versus v dd figure 77. output high current versus v dd - output high voltage 10.0 100.0 1000.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 r dd (v) r pu (k ? ) t amb = 85c v il = v ss -40c 25c 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) r spu (k ? ) v il = v ss -40c 25c t amb = 85c -40.0 -35.0 -30.0 -25.0 -20.0 -15.0 -10.0 -5.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd - v oh (v) i oh (ma) t amb = 25c v dd = 2.0 v 4.0 v 3.0 v 5.0 v 6.5 v
69 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 78. pull-down resistor versus v dd figure 79. strong pull-down resistor versus v dd figure 80. output low current versus output low voltage 10.0 100.0 1000.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) r pd (k ? ) t amb = 85c v il = v ss -40c 25c 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 v dd (v) r spd (k ? ) v ih = v dd t amb = 85c -40c 25c 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.5 v ol (v) i ol (ma) t amb = 25c v dd = 6.5 v 5 v 4 v 3 v 2 v
70 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 figure 81. output high current versus t amb = 25c, v dd = 6.5 v, v oh = 0.8 v dd figure 82. output low current versus t amb , v dd = 6.5 v, v ol = 0.2 v dd -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 -40-30-20-10 0 102030 40 5060 7080 90 t amb (c) i oh (ma) max. typ. min. 0 5 10 15 20 25 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 t amb (c) i ol (ma) max. typ. min.
71 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 emulation the basic function of emulation is to test and evaluate the customer's program and hardware in real time. this therefore enables the analysis of any timing, hardware or software problem. for emulation purposes, all marc4 controllers include a special emulation mode. in this mode, the internal cpu core is inactive and the i/o buses are available via port 0 and port 1 to allow an ex ternal access to the on-chip peripherals. the marc4 emulator uses this mode to control the peripherals of any marc4 control- ler (target chip) and emulates the lost ports for the application. the marc4 emulator can stop and restart a program at specified points during execu- tion, making it possible for the applications engineer to view the memory contents and those of various registers during program execution. the designer also gains the ability to analyze the executed instruction sequences and all the i/o activities. figure 83. marc4 emulation marc4 target chip core (inactive) p o r t 1 p o r t 0 application-specific hardware peripherals marc4 emulator program memory trace memory control logic personal computer core marc4 emulation-cpu i/o control i/o bus port 0 port 1 syscl/ tcl, te, nrst emulation control emulator target board
72 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 please attach this page to the approval form. filename: ___________________________ .hex crc: ___________________________ (hex) date: ____________ signature: _________________________ company: _________________________ notes: 1. it is required to select an output option for each port pin (port 2, port 4, port 5). 2. don?t use external components at bp20 that pull to v ss during reset representing a resistor < 150k. option settings for ordering [ ] atar090 (-40c to +85c) [ ] atar890 (-40c to +85c) please select the option settings from the list below and insert rom crc. output (1) input output input port 2 port 5 bp20 (2) [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up bp50 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] static pull-down [ ] static pull-down bp21 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up bp51 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] static pull-down [ ] static pull-down bp22 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up bp52 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] static pull-down [ ] static pull-down bp23 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up bp53 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] static pull-down [ ] static pull-down port 4 clock used [ ] external resistor bp40 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up [ ] external clock osc1 [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] external clock osc2 [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] 32-khz crystal [ ] static pull-down [ ] 4-mhz crystal bp41 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up ecm (external clock monitor) [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] enable [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] disable [ ] static pull-down watchdog bp42 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up [ ] softlock [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] hardlock [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] static pull-down bp43 [ ] cmos [ ] switched pull-up [ ] open drain [n] [ ] switched pull-down [ ] open drain [p] [ ] static pull-up [ ] static pull-down
73 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 package information ordering information extended type number program memory data-eeprom package delivery atar090x-yyy-tkqyz 2 kb rom no sso20 taped and reeled ATAR090X-YYY-TKSYz 2 kb rom no sso20 tubes atar890x-yyy-tkqyz 2 kb rom 512 bit sso20 taped and reeled atar890x-yyy-tksyz 2 kb rom 512 bit sso20 tubes note: 1. x = hardware revision yyy = customer specific rom-version y = lead-free z = operating temperature range: blank = -40c to +85c technical drawings according to din specifications package sso20 dimensions in mm 6.75 6.50 0.25 0.65 5.85 1.30 0.15 0.05 5.7 5.3 4.5 4.3 6.6 6.3 0.15 20 11 110
74 atar090/atar890 4696d?4bmcu?12/04 revision history please note that the referring page numbers in this section are referred to the specific revision mentioned, not to this document. changes from rev. 4696a - 03/03 to rev. 4696b - 01/04 1. put datasheet in a new template. 2. figure 5 ?ram map? on page 5 changed. 3. table 10 ?peripheral addresses? on page 21 changed. 4. new heading rows at table ?absolute maximum ratings? on page 60 added. 5. section ?emulation? on page 71 added. 6. table ?ordering information? on page 73 added. 7. table name on page 72 changed. changes from rev. 4696b - 01/04 to rev. 4696c - 02/04 1. figure 4 on page 4 changed. 2. ?ordering information? on page 73 changed. changes from rev. 4696c - 02/04 to rev. 4696d - 12/04 1. put datasheet in a new template. 2. lead-free logo on page 1 added. 3. section ?rom? on page 4 changed. 4. section ?interrupt processing? on pages 7-8 changed. 5. section ?4-mhz? oscillator on pages 16-17 changed. 6. section ?32-khz oscillator? on page 17 changed. 7. section ?timer 2? on page 30 changed. 8. table 19 ?timer 2 output select bits? on page 39 changed. 9. table ?ac characteristics? on pages 62-63 changed. 10. ?option settings for ordering? on page 72 changed. 11. ?ordering information? on page 73 changed.
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